3.2.1.1 Structure of Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards
Nucleoplasm
Bulk of the nucleus formed from a granular jelly
Nucleoulus
Spherical region within the nucleus which manufactures RNA and assembles ribosomes
Nuclear envelope
Double stranded, it controls what goes in and out of the cell, reactions take place here and they contain ribosomes
Nuclear pores
These allow passage of large materials e.g., mRNA
Chromatin in the nucleus
Linear DNA which is histone bound, this condenses to form visible chromosomes during nuclear division
List the functions of the nucleus
Produces mRNA and RNA for protein synthesis
DNA replication
Contains genetic information for primary structure of polypeptides
Double membrane (mitochondrion)
Controls entry and exit of substances in a cell and the inner of the 2 membranes fold to form cristae
Cristae
Extensions forming folds of the inner membranes, these provide a large surface area for enzymes involved in aerobic respiration e.g., ATP synthase
Matrix
Contains: proteins, lipids mitochondrial DNA and 70S ribosomes. By contains mitochondrial DNA, it allows mitochondria to produce its own proteins for respiration independent of a nucleus
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Found on certain parts of the outer membrane of the nucleus
Contains ribosomes
Provides a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins
Packages proteins into vesicles and transports these to the Golgi apparatus ready for modification
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
No ribsomes
Tube like appearance
Stores, transports and synthesis carbohydrates and lipids
State the definition of a eukaryotic cell (1)
A cell that contains a nucleus AND a membrane-bound organelles
Accept membrane bound organelles AND nucleus
Ignore any reference to prokaryotic cells
Ignore any reference to examples of organelles
*Ignore any reference to diagrams *
