3.1.6 ATP

Question 1

State the components of ATP

Answer 1

Adenine

Ribose

3 phosphate groups

Question 2

What is meant by ADP

Answer 2

Adenosine diphosphate is when one phosphate group is removed

Question 3

Bonds between phosphate groups have a _____ ________________________ _____________, so are _________ and easily broken, when bonds break, they release ‘________ _______________’ of energy about 30kJ

Answer 3

• Low activation energy
• Unstable
• ‘Small packets’

Question 4

Explain the hydrolysis and synthesis of ATP

Answer 4

• Condensation - phosphate added, water removed and use of ATP synthase
• Hydrolysis - phosphate removed, water added, and use of ATP hydrase

Question 5

2 roles of ATP

Answer 5

1. Good immediate source of energy, unstable phosphate bonds make it a bad storage molecule
2. Cells only store a few seconds worth in ‘small packets’ - easily resynthesised

Question 6

It’s a better immediate source of energy than glucose because…

Answer 6

1. Molecule releases much less energy than glucose, more manageable and less heat, so less heat denatured enzymes
2. Hydrolysis of ATP is single step, so immediate release of energy

Question 7

Why do muscle cells have large mitochondria

Answer 7

ATP can’t be stored, so larger mitochondria increases rate of aerobic respiration producing ATP faster

Question 8

When is ATP made

Answer 8

During PSS and respiration

Question 9

Metabolic processes

Answer 9

Provides energy to make monomers to polymers

Question 10

Movement

Answer 10

Muscle contraction

Question 11

Active transport

Answer 11

Changes shape of carrier protein in cell surface membrane so molecules can move against concentration gradient

Question 12

Secretion

Answer 12

Forms and moves vesicles to secrete products

Question 13

Activation of molecules

Answer 13

Inorganic phosphate used to phosphorylate other compounds to make them more reactive