3.2.1.1 Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

What is the nuclear envelope?

Answer 1

double membrane that surrounds the nucleus

Question 2

What are the functions of the nucleus?

Answer 2

-stores DNA which codes for proteins
-controls the cell’s activity
-makes ribosomes
-pores allows movement of substances from cytoplasm

Question 3

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Answer 3

site of aerobic respiration

Question 4

Outer membrane of mitochondria

Answer 4

controls entrance and exit of ions and molecules

Question 5

Inner membrane of mitochondria

Answer 5

highly folded which increases surface area for metabolic reactions

Question 6

What is it called when the inner membrane of mitochondria folds?

Answer 6

cristae

Question 7

What do ribosomes contain?

Answer 7

rRNA

Question 8

What are the functions of the ribosomes?

Answer 8

-site of protein synthesis
-catalyses peptide bonds between amino acids

Question 9

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 9

-transport, modify lipids
-forms lysosomes
-modifies and labels proteins to transport

Question 10

What is the golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

stack of flattened sacs of membranes

Question 11

2 key structural points of golgi apparatus

Answer 11

-has many proteins embedded in the membrane surfaces
-produces secretory enzymes and vesicles

Question 12

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 12

synthesis, storage and transport of carbohydrates and lipids

Question 13

How is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum structured?

Answer 13

-3D system of sheet like membranes
-large network of membrane tubules

Question 14

How is the rough endoplasmic reticulum structured?

Answer 14

-many ribosomes on outer surface of membrane (high surface area)
-flattened discs of membrane

Question 15

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 15

-synthesis of proteins for transport in vesicles
-synthesis of proteins which forms part of membranes

Question 16

What is in the vacuole?

Answer 16

solution of mineral salts, sugars, amino acids and some pigments

Question 17

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 17

-act as temporary food/ energy store
-maintains turgor pressure (makes cells turgid)
-pigments can colour petals and attract pollinating insects

Question 18

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 18

-gives cell its shape
-holds components of cell
-contains chemical reactions

Question 19

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 19

site of photosynthesis

Question 20

How do chloroplasts control what leaves and enters the organelle?

Answer 20

has a double plasma membrane

Question 21

What are thylakoids? (chloroplasts)

Answer 21

contain chlorophyll which absorbs light energy

Question 22

Where does the first stage of photosynthesis occur?

Answer 22

grana - contains thylakoids

Question 23

What is the cell membrane made up of?

Answer 23

phospholipid bilayer - with embedded proteins (sheet like structure)

Question 24

Why is the cell membrane ‘fluid’?

Answer 24

so phospholipids and proteins can move via diffusion

Question 25

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 25

controls diffusion of molecules and ions between cytoplasm and surrounding fluid

Question 26

What is the structure of the cell wall?

Answer 26

primary cell wall - contains cellulose and allows cell wall expansion during growth

Question 27

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 27

-provides strength to cells, to bursting in osmosis -provides a chemical buffer to environment

Question 28

What are the 11 main organelles?

Answer 28

1. nucleus 2. mitochondria 3. ribosomes 4. cytoplasm 5. cell wall 6. cell membrane 7. Golgi apparatus 8. chloroplasts 9. vacuole 10. lysosomes 11. smooth endoplasmic reticulum 12. rough endoplasmic reticulum