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AS/A Level Biology > 3.2.1.1 Eukaryotic Cells > Flashcards

3.2.1.1 Eukaryotic Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the cell surface membrane made of?

A

A Phospholipid Bilayer

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2
Q

What does the phospholipid bilayer in the cell surface membrane do?

A

Controls the passage of substances

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3
Q

What’s bigger, a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

A

A Eukaryote

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4
Q

What type of cells are Fungal cells similar to?

A

Plant cells

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5
Q

What is the cell wall in fungal cells made of?

A

Chitin

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6
Q

Which two cells have identical sets of organelles?

A

Algal and Plant

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7
Q

What is the cell-surface membrane also known as?

A

The Plasma Membrane

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8
Q

What is the phospholipid bilayer made of?

A

Glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate

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9
Q

What do the cell surface membranes have embedded in them?

A

Proteins and Cholesterol

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10
Q

What function do the proteins and cholesterol within the cell surface membrane serve?

A

They can act as receptors for external stimuli

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11
Q

What does the Plasma membrane do?

A

The plasma membrane controls the passage of biological molecules such as ions, water and oxygen. It also secrets waste products

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12
Q

What is cytoplasm made of?

A

Cytosol

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13
Q

What percentage of the cytoplasm is water?

A

70%

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14
Q

What else does the cytoplasm contain?

A

Proteins, sugars, ions and fatty acids

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15
Q

What does the cytoplasm do?

A

It’s the site of metabolic processes

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16
Q

What surrounds the nucleus?

A

The nuclear envelope

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17
Q

What does the double nuclear membrane have?

A

A Phospholipid Bilayer

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18
Q

What do the pores in the nuclear envelope do?

A

The pores in the nuclear envelope control the passage of ions, molecules and RNA between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm

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19
Q

What is the Nucleoplasm?

A

The semi-solid fluid where we find the chromatin and nucleolus

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20
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

Linear Chromosomes

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21
Q

What 3 things does the nucleus do?

A

Controls the Cell
The DNA it holds contains instructions for protein synthesis
Ribosomal DNA is joined with proteins to make ribosomal subunits

22
Q

What do Mitochondria produce?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

23
Q

What is the structure of a mitochondria?

A

Oval Shaped, Double Membraned, have their own ribosomes and DNA

24
Q

What do mitochondria have that make them unique?

A

Cristae

25
Q

What are Cristae?

A

Small internal folds within the PB double membrane of mitochondria

26
Q

What surrounds the Cristae of a mitochondria?

A

Mitochondrial Matrix

27
Q

What is the function of the mitochondrial matrix?

A

Has enzymes for respiration

28
Q

List the components of a chloroplast

A

Ribosomes
Granum
Thylakoids
DNA Loop
Lamella
Starch Grain
Stroma

29
Q

What is a thylakoid?

A

A Fluid-filled membrane sac that often is part of a granum stack.

30
Q

What is a granum?

A

A Stack of Thylakoids

31
Q

What links grana together?

A

A Lamellae

32
Q

What fluid fills the inner membrane of a chloroplast?

A

Stroma

33
Q

What is the Golgi apparatus made up of?

A

Flattened Sacs

34
Q

What does the Golgi apparatus Do?

A

Vesicles from the SER fuse with the Golgi body. They contain proteins and lipids which are packaged and tagged

35
Q

Why does the Golgi body tag and package lipids and proteins?

A

So that they are delivered to the correct place

36
Q

What are Golgi Vesicle?

A

Small vesicles in the cytoplasm, in high density around the Golgi apparatus

37
Q

What is a Lysosome?

A

A type of Golgi Vesicle

38
Q

What do lysosomes contain?

A

Lysozymes

39
Q

What is a Lysozyme?

A

An enzyme that can break down proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids and old organelles

40
Q

What are ribosomes made of?

A

Small protein subunits

41
Q

What is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

The ER is a series of sacs and tubules which are interconnected

42
Q

What type of membrane does the endoplasmic reticulum have?

A

A phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins

43
Q

What is the RER responsible for?

A

Processing and folding proteins

44
Q

What is the SER responsible for?

A

Making and processing lipids

45
Q

What are cell walls made up of?

A

Cellulose

46
Q

How big is the vacuole?

A

Occupies most of the cell

47
Q

What is the membrane that surrounds the vacuole called?

A

Tonoplast

48
Q

What makes up the tonoplast?

A

Salts and sugars called cell sap

49
Q

What does the vacuole do?

A

Keeps the cell rigid by pushing water against the cell wall. The vacuole also isolates unwanted foreign chemicals

50
Q
A

AS/A Level Biology (6 decks)

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