3.1.1 Biological Molecules

Question 1

What is a monomer?

Answer 1

A single unit

Question 2

What is a polymer?

Answer 2

Multiple repeating units

Question 3

Give 3 examples of monomers

Answer 3

Glucose, Amino Acids and nucleotides

Question 4

Give 4 examples of polymers

Answer 4

Starch, cellulose, protein and DNA

Question 5

What 3 groups can carbohydrates be classified as?

Answer 5

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides

Question 6

What is the chemical formula for Glucose?

Answer 6

C6H12O6

Question 7

What is a Disaccharide made up of?

Answer 7

Two monosaccharides

Question 8

What are monosaccharides joined by to make polysaccharides and disaccharides?

Answer 8

Glycosidic bonds

Question 9

How are glycosidic bonds in disaccharides formed?

Answer 9

Condensation reaction

Question 10

Glucose + Glucose = ?

Answer 10

Maltose + Water

Question 11

Glucose + Galactose = ?

Answer 11

Lactose + Water

Question 12

Glucose + Fructose = ?

Answer 12

Sucrose + Water

Question 13

Glucose is found in all P_______________

Answer 13

Polysaccharides

Question 14

During a ____________ reaction, water is released

Answer 14

Condensation.

Question 15

What is an isomer?

Answer 15

Isomers have the same molecular formula but are differently structured.

For example, alpha and beta glucose.

Question 16

How do condensation reactions work?

Answer 16

Molecules are joined by removing water

Question 17

How do hydrolysis reactions work?

Answer 17

Molecules are split through the addition of water

Question 18

What does a “1,4” bond mean?

Answer 18

When Carbon 1 of one glucose and Carbon 4 of another, bond.

Question 19

What is the difference between alpha and beta glucose?

Answer 19

Beta glucose is an inverted version of alpha glucose. The hydroxyl and oxygen is flipped on the right.

Question 20

What type of glucose polymers is starch formed of?

Answer 20

Alpha glucose polymers

Question 21

What two polymers is Starch made of?

Answer 21

Amylopectin and Amylose

Question 22

Where is starch found?

Answer 22

Starch grains

Question 23

What is the function of starch?

Answer 23

An insoluble glucose store

Question 24

Why is starch being an insoluble glucose store useful?

Answer 24

It doesn’t affect water potential in plant cells

Question 25

Is Amylose coiled or uncoiled?

Answer 25

Coiled

Question 26

Why is amylose being coiled useful?

Answer 26

it takes up less space and is resistant to being easily digested

Question 27

Is amylose branched or unbranched?

Answer 27

Unbranched

Question 28

What type of branch allows amylopectin to branch?

Answer 28

1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bond

Question 29

Why is branching useful for amylopectin?

Answer 29

Branching allows for hydrolysis meaning that it can break down quickly to be used

Question 30

How is Amylose bonded?

Answer 30

Condensation

Question 31

What is structurally different between starch and cellulose that gives them different physical properties?

Answer 31

Cellulose is formed by β -1,4 glycosidic linkages and crosslinks, making it rigid. Starch has α -1.4 and α -1.6 glycosidic linkages without the tight crosslinks of cellulose

Question 32

Which of these describe some of the similarities and differences between glycogen and starch?

Answer 32

Starch is less branched than glycogen and is found in plants