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Bio 152 Exam 2 > 32.1 Hormones and functions > Flashcards

32.1 Hormones and functions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Testosterone

A

Develops and maintains male sexual characteristics and maturation.
Testes

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2
Q

Melatonin

A

Released during nighttime hours to aid with sleep.
Penial Gland

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3
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Releasing and Inhibiting hormones

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4
Q

Oxytocin

A

Stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth.

Influences human behavior, including sexual arousal, trust, and parent-infant bonding.

Hypothalamus Produces -> Posterior Pituitary Gland store and releases

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5
Q

Vasopressin / Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Regulates water balance by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys.

Maintains blood volume, blood pressure, and internal temperature.

Hypothalamus: Synthesizes ADH -> Posterior pituitary gland: Stores and releases ADH

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6
Q

Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Males

A

Triggers testes to produce testosterone (responsible for secondary sexual characteristics and sperm production).

Anterior pituitary gland: Produces and releases FSH.

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7
Q

Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Females

A

Stimulates ovarian follicles to grow and prepare eggs for ovulation.

Regulates the menstrual cycle.

Anterior pituitary gland: Produces and releases FSH.

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8
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Males

A

Stimulates testes to produce testosterone.

Anterior pituitary gland: Produces and releases LH.

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9
Q

Luteinizing hormone (LH) Females

A

Triggers ovulation.

Stimulates progesterone production.

Anterior pituitary gland: Produces and releases LH.

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10
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

Anterior pituitary gland: Produces and releases TSH.

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11
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol (a stress hormone).

Anterior pituitary gland: Produces and releases ACTH.

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12
Q

Prolactin

A

Initiates and maintains milk production in lactating individuals.

Anterior pituitary gland: Produces and releases prolactin.

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13
Q

Growth hormone (GH)

A

Stimulates growth
Metabolic impacts

Anterior Pituitary Gland

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14
Q

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSN)

A

Regulates pigmentation by inducing melanocytes to produce melanin, which protects against DNA damage from UV radiation

Suppresses appetite by acting on receptors in the hypothalamus

Has anti-inflammatory effects and influences aldosterone release.

Skin: Enhanced production in response to UV radiation.
Pituitary Gland: Also produced here.
Hypothalamus: Suppresses appetite.

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15
Q

Insulin

A

Helps metabolize food and use it for energy throughout the body.

Regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating glucose uptake into cells.

Prevents calcium loss from the kidneys.

Pancreas: Produces and releases insulin.

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16
Q

Calcitonin

A

Regulates blood calcium levels by decreasing it.

Opposes the actions of parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Thyroid Gland: Produces and secretes calcitonin.

17
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Controls blood calcium levels by increasing it.

Also regulates phosphorus and vitamin D levels.

Parathyroid Glands: Release PTH

18
Q

Epinephrine / Norepinephrine

A

Part of the “fight-or-flight” response.

Increase alertness, arousal, and attention.

Constrict blood vessels increase heart rate.

Affects the sleep-wake cycle, mood, and memory.

Adrenal Glands: Release epinephrine and norepinephrine.

19
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

Regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress.

Influence glucose metabolism.

Adrenal Cortex: Produces glucocorticoids

20
Q

Estrogen

A

Influences female sexual characteristics, reproductive development, and bone health.

Ovaries (in females).

21
Q

Progesterone

A

Prepares the uterus lining for fertilization and supports pregnancy.

Ovaries (in females).

22
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

Metabolic Regulation: T4 regulates the rate at which food consumed is transformed into energy by the body. This rate is called the metabolic rate.

Inactive Prohormone: T4 is largely inactive, meaning it doesn’t directly impact your cells.

Some organs T4->T3 impacts your cells and metabolism

Thyroid Gland: The thyroid gland produces and releases T4.

23
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Metabolism and Energy: T3 controls the speed of your body’s metabolism.

Heart and Digestive Functions: It regulates heart rate, digestion, and muscle control.

Brain Development: Critical for normal brain development, especially in infants.

Bone Maintenance: Helps maintain bone health.

Thyroid Gland: T3 is produced by the thyroid gland.

T4->T3 in certain organs so that it can impact your cells and metabolism.

Bio 152 Exam 2 (8 decks)

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