320 Flashcards
Acetaminophen
pharm: Analgesic, Nonopioid
moa: believed to be due to activation of descending serotonergic inhibitory pathways in the CNS
use: fever, pain
adverse effects: nausea, vomiting, rash,
monitoring parameters: Serum acetaminophen levels
acetaminophen w/ codeine
pharm: Analgesic Combination (Opioid); Analgesic, Opioid
moa: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain
use: pain management
adverse effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, Abdominal pain, constipation, nausea, vomiting
monitoring parameters: Pain relief, respiratory and mental status, blood pressure, heart rate; bowel function; signs/symptoms of addiction, abuse, or misuse; signs or symptoms of hypogonadism or hypoadrenalism
Amlodipine
pharm: Calcium Channel Blocker
moa: Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization
use: Angina, Hypertension, chronic,
off-label: Raynaud phenomenon
adverse effects: Peripheral edema
monitoring parameters: Heart rate, BP.
Ampicillin
pharm: Antibiotic, Penicillin
moa: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
USE: infections, Endocarditis, prophylaxis
ADVERSE EFFECTS: rash, n/v
MONITORING PARAMETERS: With prolonged therapy, monitor renal, hepatic, and hematologic function periodically; observe signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis during first dose
Aspirin
PHARM: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID)
MOA: Irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 and 2 (COX-1 and 2) enzymes
USE: Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory, Vascular indications, including ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, acute coronary syndromes (ST-elevation myocardial infarction or non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes [non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction or unstable angina]), secondary prevention after acute coronary syndromes, and management of stable ischemic heart disease, stroke, Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, primary prevention
ADVERSE EFFECTS: abdominal pain, heartburn, hemorrhage
MONITORING PARAMETERS: signs and symptoms of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (eg, fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia in association with other organ system involvement such as hepatitis, nephritis, hematological abnormalities, myocarditis, myositis; early symptoms of hypersensitivity reaction may occur without rash).
Betamethasone Sodium
PHARM: Corticosteroid, Systemic
MOA:Controls the rate of protein synthesis; depresses the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, fibroblasts
USE:asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, drug hypersensitivity reactions, perennial or seasonal allergic rhinitis, serum sickness//Accelerate fetal lung maturation
AE:Bradycardia, cardiac arrhythmia, cardiomegaly, circulatory shock, edema, embolism (fat), hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocardial rupture, depression, h/a, rash
MP:Growth in children; injection site reactions, risk of infection
Docusate Sodium
PHARM: stool softener
MOA:Reduces surface tension of the oil-water interface of the stool resulting in enhanced incorporation of water and fat allowing for stool softening
USE:Prevention of straining, constipation/ Ceruminolytic
AE:
MP:Periodic rectal exams
Enalapril
PHARM: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
MOA:prevents conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor
USE: hf, htn
AE: aki, angioedema, cough, hyperkalemia,
MP: BP; serum creatinine and potassium
Famotidine
PHARM: Histamine H2 Antagonist
MOA:Competitive inhibition of histamine at H2 receptors of the gastric parietal cells, which inhibits gastric acid secretion
USE: gerd, heartburn, Stress ulcer prophylaxis
AE:agitation, confusion, delirium, Necrotizing enterocolitis, Thrombocytopenia
MP:CBC, gastric pH, occult blood with GI bleeding
Ferrous Sulfate
PHARM: iron supplement
MOA:Replaces iron, found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other enzymes; allows the transportation of oxygen via hemoglobin
USE:Iron deficiency or iron-deficiency anemia/ rls
AE:Darkening of stools, ab pain, nausea, heartburn, constipation, flatulence, vomiting, diarrhea
MP:Hemoglobin and hematocrit; consider RBC count
Folic Acid
PHARM: water soluble vitamin
MOA:necessary for formation of a number of coenzymes in many metabolic systems, stimulates WBC and platelet production in folate deficiency anemia
USE:Megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias due to folate deficiency/ alcohol withdrawal syndrome, Methanol toxicity
AE: flushing, malaise, rash, bronchospasm,
MP:
Labetalol
PHARM: Beta-Blocker With Alpha-Blocking Activity
MOA:Blocks alpha1-, beta1-, and beta2-adrenergic receptor sites; elevated renins are reduced
USE: htn/ Acute aortic syndromes/Acute aortic dissection; Acute ischemic stroke, BP management with reperfusion therapy; Hypertensive emergency in pregnancy or postpartum
AE:Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, nausea
MP:BP, standing and sitting/supine, pulse, cardiac monitor and BP
Methotrexate (oral)
PHARM: Antimetabolite, folic acid analog, Immunosuppressant Agent
MOA:inhibits DNA synthesis, repair, and cellular replication
USE: cancers/ arthritis, Psoriasis, Crohn, dermatitis/eczema
AE: nausea, vomiting, liver cirrhosis, diarrhea, oral mucosa ulcer, dizziness, fatigue, h/a, cough
MP: s/s of infection/pneumonitis, CBC, LFTs, increased liver enzymes
Misoprostol
PHARM: prostaglandin agent
MOA:synthetic prostaglandin E1 analog that replaces the protective prostaglandins consumed with prostaglandin-inhibiting therapies
USE:gastric ulcers, prevention, PUD/ Early pregnancy loss
AE:Abdominal pain, diarrhea
MP: pregnancy, Evaluate Rh status
Nifedipine
PHARM: Calcium Channel Blocker
MOA:Inhibits calcium ion from entering the “slow channels” or select voltage-sensitive areas of vascular smooth muscle and myocardium during depolarization, producing a relaxation of coronary vascular smooth muscle and coronary vasodilation
USE: htn, angina/ Anal fissure; High-altitude pulmonary edema
AE:Exacerbation of angina pectoris, hypotension, syncope, MI, reflex tachy, edema, heartburn, nausea, h/a, dizziness, Asthenia
MP:Heart rate, BP, signs and symptoms of heart failure, peripheral edema
Calcium (oral)
PHARM: Hypocalcemia agent
MOA:
USE:potential to reduce adverse gestational outcomes, in particular by decreasing the risk of developing hypertensive disorders during pregnancy
AE:lethargy, weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, confu-sion, kidney stones, increased urination, and dehydration
MP:
Progesterone
PHARM: Progestin
MOA:Natural steroid hormone that induces secretory changes in the endometrium, promotes mammary gland development, relaxes uterine smooth muscle, blocks follicular maturation and ovulation, and maintains pregnancy
USE: Amenorrhea, Endometrial hyperplasia, prevention, Uterine bleeding, abnormal/ Spontaneous preterm birth, prevention
AE: breast tenderness, mastalgia, abdominal pain, bloating, viral infection, Urinary tract abnormality, depression, dizziness, h/a, musculoskeletal pain
MP: vaginal bleeding, baseline risk for breast cancer and CVD, BP
Nalbuphine
PHARM: Analgesic, Opioid Partial Agonist
MOA:Agonist of kappa opiate receptors and partial antagonist of mu opiate receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain; produces generalized CNS depression
USE:Pain management, Surgical anesthesia supplement/ Opioid-induced pruritus
AE: Sedation,
MP:blood pressure; monitor respiratory and mental status; assess for relief of pain.
Terbutaline
PHARM: Beta2 Agonist
MOA:Relaxes bronchial and uterine smooth muscle by action on beta2-receptors
USE:Asthma, Bronchospasm// Extravasation management, sympathomimetic vasoconstrictors; Premature labor
AE:Nervousness, restlessness tremor, Decreased serum potassium, increased serum glucose
MP:Serum potassium, glucose; intake/output; heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate; chest pain, shortness of breath; monitor for signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride
PHARM: Histamine H1 Antagonist, First Generation
MOA:Competes with histamine for H1-receptor sites on effector cells in the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels, and respiratory tract
USE: relief of allergic symptoms/ angioedema, Nausea and vomiting, pregnancy associated
AE:drowsiness, sedated state, fatigue, lack of concentration, and memory impairment, blurred vision; xerostomia; urinary retention; impotence; tachycardia
MP:Relief of symptoms, mental alertness
Enoxaparin
PHARM:Anticoagulant, Low Molecular Weight Heparin, antithrombotic
MOA:enhancing the inhibition rate of clotting proteases by antithrombin III impairing normal hemostasis and inhibition of factor Xa
USE:Acute coronary syndromes,Deep vein thrombosis treatment,Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, pulmonary embolism,
AE:anemia, hemorrhage,
MP:Platelet count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, fecal occult blood, signs and symptoms of bleeding
