3.2 Transport in Animals Flashcards
Transport
The movement of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, waste and heat around the body
Double circulatory system
When the blood passes through the heart twice with each circuit
2 cycles - systemic and pulmonary cycles
GOOOD transport systems depend on
Size
SA:vol ratio
Metabolic activity
Effective transport systems have
Fluid (blood)
Pump (heart)
Exchange surface (capillaries)
Advantages of double circulatory system
Heart can increase pressure of blood when it goes to body
Systemic circulation can be at high pressure - flows faster to tissues
Pulmonary circulation at low pressure - capillaries not damaged
Cycle of blood in fish
Heart gills tissues heart
Why do fish have a single circulatory system
Less metabolically active
Do not regulate body temp
Enough oxygen for their needs
Insects - heart pumps blood by ….. To ….
Heart pumps blood by peristalsis to head
Apex
Bottom of the heart that comes to a point
Myocardial infarction is a raunchy name for
heart attack
Cardiac muscle
What the heart is made of
Coronary arteries
Lie on the surface of heart
Supply cardiac muscle with oxygen for aerobic respiration
Semilunar valves
Valves that prevent blood from returning to the heart as the ventricles relax (LV - aorta, RV - pulmonary artery)
Valve between LA and LV
Mitral/bicuspid/left atrio-ventricular
Valve between RA and RV
tricuspid / right atrioventricular
Arteries
High pressure
Away from heart
Small lumen
Thick wall
Arteriolar
Between artery and capillary
Contract to constrict diameter
Increase resistance to flow
Reduce rate of flow of blood
Tunica intima
Thin layer of elastic
walls stretch and recoil to maintain pressure
Tunica media
Thick layer of smooth muscle
Tunica adventitia
Relatively thick layer of collagen and elastic tissue
Collagen Provides strength
Elastic recoils to maintain pressure
Capillaries
Narrow lumen (same as RBC 7um)
1 layer of epithelial cells
Leaky George walls (allow plasma and dissolved substances to leave the heart)
Venules
From capillaries to veins
Veins
To heart
Low pressure
Large lumen - ease blood flow
Thin walls - no need to stretch, recoil or reduce blood flow
Have valves - veins can be squished to send blood through valves
Endothelium
A tissue that lines the inside of a structure eg. A blood vessel
