3.2 The Sociological Study Of Culture Flashcards
Ann Swindler
Sociology’s recent emphasis on the importance of understanding the role of culture in daily life.
- According to Ann Swindler, culture is a «tool kit» from which people select different understandings and behaviours
- There is no single «reality» to social encounter. Multiple cultural scripts can play out in any situation
Cultural Diamond
According to sociologist Wendy Griswold, there are 4 elements of any culture that constitue a complex cultural system.
- Material and nonmaterial cultural objects
- The creators or producers of cultural objects
- The receivers of cultural objects who make meaning out of them
- The larger social world, comprising the economic, political, social, and cultural patterns in a society
Hunting and Gathering Societies
Societies whose mode of subsistence is gained from hunting animals, fishing, and gathering edible plants
Pastoral Societies
Societies whose subsistence derives from the rearing of domesticated animals
Agrarian Societies
Societies whose means of subsistence are based on agricultural productions (Crop growing)
Industrialization
The process of the machine production of goods.
It resulted from the 18th century Indistial Revolution in Britain, which affected people’s means of gaining a livelihood through:
- invention of new machines (mechanization of functional tasks)
- Harnessing of power resources from production
- Use of science to improve production methods
Industrialized Societies
Strongly developed nation-states in which the majority of the population works in factories or offices rather than in agriculture, and most people live in urban areas