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Biology Chapter 7 (AQA) > 3.2 The Heart & Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

3.2 The Heart & Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

(Heart) What is myocardium and what does it do?

A

Heart muscle

Beats continually without tiring

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2
Q

(Heart) what is the pericardium and what does it do?

A

Double layered sac covering the heart

Protects it from over expansion and infection

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3
Q

(Heart) the pericardial fluid is secreted to do what?

A

Protect the heart from jerking movements and shock

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4
Q

(Heart) the aorta leaves which ventricle? And what does it do?

A

The left

Distributes oxygenated blood to the body

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5
Q

(Heart) the pulmonary arteries leave which ventricle? And what do they do?

A

Right ventricle

Carry deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs

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6
Q

(Heart) the vena cava enters where and does what?

A

Right atrium

Delivers deoxygenated blood from body

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7
Q

(Heart) what do the coronary arteries do?

A

Deliver oxygen to the heart muscles

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8
Q

(Heart) blockage of the coronary arteries can result in what?

A

Heart attack

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9
Q

(Heart) what do valves do?

A

Keep blood flowing in one direction

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10
Q

(Heart) what are the two atrioventricular valves called?

A

Bicuspid

Tricuspid

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11
Q

(Heart) the bicuspid and tricuspid AV valves prevent what happening?

A

Backflow of blood from ventricles into atrium

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12
Q

(Heart) the semilunar valves allow what to happen?

A

Blood to be pumped out into arteries

But prevent it flowing back in

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13
Q

(Cardiac cycle) in diastole what are the heart muscles?

A

Relaxed

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14
Q

(Cardiac cycle) diastole - deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium from where?

A

The vena cava

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15
Q

(Cardiac cycle) diastole - oxygenated blood enters the left atrium from where?

A

The pulmonary vein

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16
Q

(Cardiac cycle) as atria fill with blood what increases?

A

Pressure

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17
Q

(Cardiac cycle) increase in pressure forces what open?

A

AV valves so blood flows into ventricles

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18
Q

(Cardiac cycle) in atrial systole what do the walls of the atria do?

A

Contract

19
Q

(Cardiac cycle) atrial systole pushes what?

A

Remaining blood into ventricles

20
Q

(Cardiac cycle) in ventricular systole what do the ventricles do?

A

Contract

21
Q

(Cardiac cycle) when the ventricles contract what increases?

A

Pressure in the ventricles

22
Q

(Cardiac cycle) increased pressure in the ventricles forces what two things to happen?

A

AV valves to shut

semilunar valves to open

23
Q

(Cardiac cycle) when the semilunar valves open blood is forced where?

A

Out of heart to lungs and body

24
Q

(Heartbeat) what is the SAN and where is it found?

A

Sino atrial node

Found in wall of right atrium

25
Q

(Heartbeat) the SAN does what?

A

Sets heartbeat by sending out waves of electrical activity to atria walls

26
Q

(Heartbeat) the waves the SAN sends causes the right and left atria to do what?

A

Contract at the same time

27
Q

(Heartbeat) what prevents the waves being passed directly from atria to ventricles?

A

Non conducting collagen tissue

28
Q

(Heartbeat) the waves are transferred from the SAN to where?

A

The AVN

29
Q

(Heartbeat) what is the AVN?

A

Atrioventricular nods

30
Q

(Heartbeat) the AVN passes the waves of electrical activity to where?

A

The bundle of his

31
Q

(Heartbeat) why is there a slight delay before the AVN reacts?

A

To ensure ventricles have emptied before atria contract

32
Q

(Heartbeat) what is the bundle of his?

A

Group of muscle fibres conducting waves of electrical impulses to finer muscle in the ventricle walls

33
Q

(Heartbeat) what are the finer muscle fibres in the ventricle walls called?

A

Purkyne tissue

34
Q

(Heartbeat) what does the Purkyne tissue do?

A

Carries impulse to walls of ventricles causing them to contract simultaneously from the bottom up

35
Q

(ECGs) what does an electrocardiograph do and what is it used for?

A

Electrical activity of the heart

Used to check heart function

36
Q

(ECGs) what is the P wave caused by?

A

Contraction and depolarisation of atria

37
Q

(ECGs) what is the QRS complex?

A

Contraction and depolarisation of ventricles

38
Q

(ECGs) the T wave is caused by what?

A

Relaxation and repolarisation of ventricles

39
Q

(ECGs) the bigger the wave the more what?

A

Electrical charge

40
Q

(ECGs) what is the term for a heart beat that is too fast?

A

Tachycardia

41
Q

(ECGs) when is a heart beat too fast?

A

Around 120bpm

42
Q

(ECGs) what is it called when heartbeat is too slow? And when is this?

A

Bradycardia

60bpm

43
Q

(ECGs) what is an ectopic heartbeat?

A

Extra heart beat caused by early contraction of atria or ventricles

44
Q

(ECGs) what is fibrillation?

A

Irregular heart beat

Atria or ventricles stop contracting properly

Biology Chapter 7 (AQA) (21 decks)

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