32. Regulation of arterial pressure: short and long term

Question 1

What are the 3 mechanisms of short term control

Answer 1

Baroreceptor reflex
Chemoreceptor reflex
CNS refelx

Question 2

Where are baroreceptors mainly located
What do they detect

Answer 2

Aortic arch and carotid artery

Changes in arterial pressure in aortic and carotid walls

Question 3

What is the range of mean arterial pressure that baroreceptors DO NOT respond to

Answer 3

below 60 mmHg and above 180 mmHg

If within range tho, they will continuously send info to cardiovascular system

Question 4

How does baroreceptor effectiveness decrease with sustained high pressure

Answer 4

Firing rate of impulses sent decreases

Question 5

In vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary arteries and left atrium are located what receptors that respond to stretch and degree of filling

Answer 5

Volume receptors

Question 6

What are chemoreceptors and where are they located

Answer 6

Detects changes in pO2, pCo2,pH

Located in initial part of aorta and carotid bifurcation

Question 7

When are chemo receptors activated/ stimulated by

Answer 7

Decrease in pO2

Decrease in mean arterial pressure due to lack of oxygen supply

Question 8

What are the pressor and depressor zones

Answer 8

Some areas in medulla oblongata:

Pressor: increase heart rate, vasoconstriction therefore increase blood pressure

Depressor: decreases heart rate, vasodilatation therefore decrease blood pressure

Question 9

WHat does the medullary (CNS) cardiovascular center regulate

Answer 9

blood pressure in response to chnages in body position, ecercise, minor blood loss, hypoxia,increase pCO2

Question 10

Long term arterial blood pressure is carried out by what organ

Answer 10

kidney

and factors that maintain electrolye concentraion eg Nacl