3.2 PH

Question 1

Edwin Chadwick - philosphy

Answer 1

Benthamite

Question 2

Chadwick’s connection

Answer 2

• disease caused by poor public health and pauperism
• typhus epidemic that hit london (1837-38) resulted in massive increase in numbers applying for poor relief
• East london poor law guardians spent money removing filfth from streets and prosecuting negllient landlords
• led to report on sanitary condition of the labouring population of great britian

Question 3

Setting up the enquiry

Answer 3

• chose people who were likely to come up with solutions he favoured
• three doctors

Question 4

Conclusions of report

Answer 4

• no matter how expensive sanitary improvements would be cost of inaction and pauperism would be higher
• overcrowding, poor ventilation, inadequate water supply, lack of proper refuse
• Tory gov rejected report by setting up royal commission which ended up upholding all chadwicks claims

Question 5

Chadwick working with the general board of health

Answer 5

• Public health act 1848 largely passed due to royal commission and Chadwick previous report
• Chadwick appointed one of the boards commissioners
• once appointed, implemented supply of clean wateer to all dwellings, water closets in every house and building of a sewer system
• abolition of shallow drinking wells and lined pipes reduced contaminated water
• General Board of health was not liked and chadwick resigned in 1854 - continued to give advice

Question 6

What did John Snow do? (1813-58)

Answer 6

broad street pump

Question 7

Snow’s connections

Answer 7

• convinced cholera was a water-bourne disease but few agreed due to miasma theory
• third cholera epidemic led his suspicions to pump
• persuaded authorities to lock the pump = number of deaths in soho dramatically declined
• difficult to make link between drop in deaths and pump closure = took years for theory to be accepted

Question 8

Corroborating Snow’s findings

Answer 8

• John Simon did a larger study (500,000 south Londoners)
• showed those who got water close to an outflowing sewer had higher death rate than those from river
• still took another 14 years before accepted cholera was water-bourne