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Higher Human Biology Unit 3 > 3.2 Memory > Flashcards

3.2 Memory Flashcards

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1
Q

What memory involves

A

The storage, retention and retrieval of information

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2
Q

What memories can include

A

Past experiences, knowlege and thoughts

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3
Q

Definition of encoding

A

The conversion of nerve impulses into a form that can be recieved and interperated by memory

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4
Q

Where does information enter the sensory memory from

A

From the sense organs

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5
Q

How long information is stored in the sensory memory for

A

Stored briefly (0.5-2 secs)

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6
Q

How much sensory information is able to be retained in the sensory memory

A

All visual and auditory imputs from the surroundings

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7
Q

Memory span of the short term memory

A

Holds a limited amount of information for a short period of time (seven items for about 30 seconds)

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8
Q

How the short term memory can be improved

A

Chunking and rehersal

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9
Q

Definition of chunking

A

Putting related information into groups

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10
Q

Rehersal

A

Repeating information to yourself many times

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11
Q

How information can be lost from the STM

A

If a memory is not rehearsed, it will decay and be forgotten

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12
Q

Explain the serial position effect

A
  • where the first and last few items of a list are remembered the best
  • the first few are remembered best because the brain has had time to rehearse them and are now in the LTM
  • the last few because they are still in the STM
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13
Q

What is working memory

A

An extension of the STM

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14
Q

What working memory allows to be carried out

A

Enables simple cognative tasks to be carried out

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15
Q

What makes the information transfer from the STM to the LTM

A

Successful coding within the STM

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16
Q

Two ways information is encoded

A
  • shallow encoding

* elaborative encoding

17
Q

Explain shallow encoding

A

Repitition, eg. Reading something over five times

18
Q

Explain elaborative encoding

A

Linking information to previous memories, eg. Process of using the memories, thinking through the information

19
Q

Different types of encoding

A
  • Acoustic (sound)
  • Visual (images)
  • Olfactory (smell)
20
Q

Transfer of information from the STM to the LTM is promoted by

A
  • Rehersal- repetition of information, extending the time in the STM aiding transfer to the LTM
  • Organisation- information is put into catagories
  • Elaboration - additional, meaningful information is given about each item
21
Q

How information stored in the LTM be retrieved

A

With use if contextual cues

22
Q

Examples of contextual cues

A
  • sight
  • sound
  • smell
  • touch
  • emotion
23
Q

Explain “location of memory in the brain”

A

Different areas of the brain are responsible for the storage of different types of memories

24
Q

What is remembered in an episodic memory

A

Evants and experiences

25
Q

What is remembered in a Semantic memory

A

Facts, concepts and general knowledge

26
Q

Where episodic memories are stored

A

The region of the cerebral cortex where the sensory information was first recieved and encoded

27
Q

Where semantic memories are stored

A

The region of the cerebral cortex where the sensory information was first recieved and encoded

28
Q

What is remembered in a procedural memory

A

Motor and metal skills eg. How to swim

29
Q

Where procedural memories are stored

A

The motor cortex (a region of the cerebral cortex)

30
Q

What is remembered is an emotional memory

A

Positive and negative experiences

31
Q

What is remembered in a spatial memory

A

Information relating to a person’s surroundings, the spatial orientation of the objects within these surroundings

32
Q

Where emotional memories are stored

A

Cerebral cortex and Limbic system

33
Q

Where are spatial memories stored

A

The limbic system

Higher Human Biology Unit 3 (5 decks)

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