3.2 Mass Transport In Animals

Question 1

define mass transport

Answer 1

when substances are carried from lungs and intestines over large distances to individual cells and away from individual cells

Question 2

where has the higest blood pressure

Answer 2

aorta

Question 3

what transports oxyhaemoglobin from the lungs to the heart

Answer 3

pulmonary vein

Question 4

what takes deoxygenated blood away from kidneys

Answer 4

renal vein

Question 5

what transports deoxygenated blood to lungs

Answer 5

pulmonary artery

Question 6

what takes blood to righ atrium

Answer 6

vena cava

Question 7

what takes blood to kidneys

Answer 7

renal artery

Question 8

features of arterys

Answer 8

thick muscle and elastic tissue layer
small lumen
no valves
high blood pressure
carries bloody away from heart

Question 9

features of veins

Answer 9

thin muscle and elastic tissue layer
large lumen
valves
low blood pressure
carries blood to heart

Question 10

structure of cappilaries

Answer 10

no muscle and elastic tissue layer endothelial layer only
small diamter creates lots of friction

Question 11

why do arteries have elastic tissue

Answer 11

tissue stretches under pressure and recoils to even out pressure

Question 12

why do arteries have muscle layers

Answer 12

muscles contract and reduce diamter of lumen to change the flow

Question 13

adaptations of capillaries

Answer 13

THIN: increases rate of diffusion
BRANCHED: increases surface area
PERMEABLE: substances can pass in and out
NARROW DIAMETER: ensures RBC is in contact with wall to reduce diffusion distance

Question 14

when is tissue fluid formed?

Answer 14

when plasma is forced out of capillaries

Question 15

what is the purpose of the lymph vessel

Answer 15

to drain excess tissue fluid

Question 16

Describe how tissue fluid is formed and how it is returned to the circulatory system (6)

Answer 16

FORMATION
high hydrostatic pressure forces water / fluid out
large proteins remain in the capillary
RETURN
low water potential in capillary
due to proteins in capillary
water enters capillary by osmosis

Question 17

describe the role of hydrostatic pressure of blood and osmosis in the formation and reabsoprtion of tissue fluid (6)

Answer 17

at atrieole end, hydrostatic pressure and blood pressure are high
hydrostatic pressure is higher than effect of osmosis
therefore tissue fluid is forced out
tissue fluid contains small molecules eg (o2 and glucose)
larger proteins remain in the blood as they cant fit through wall spaces in capillary
proteins that remain lower the wp of the blood
tissue fluid moves back into blood via osmosis

Question 18

diastole

Answer 18

myocardium is relaxed

Question 19

systole

Answer 19

myocardium is contracted

Question 20

cardiac output

Answer 20

cardiac output = stroke volume X heart rate

Question 21

what is an atheroma and how may it cause a myocardial infraction (5)

Answer 21

cholestrol/ fatty materials build up in artery wall
this can lead to a blood clot
which blocks the coronary artery and reduces oxygen supply to cells
cells unable to respire and die

Question 22

explain how oxygen is loaded transported and unloaded in the blood (6)

Answer 22

haemaglobin carries oxygen in red blood cells
loading of o2 happesn in lungs
at a high po2
unloads at repsiring tissue at a low po2 and higher co2 concentration

Question 23

partial pressure of oxygen

Answer 23

ammount of oxygen in blood

Question 24

oxygen dissociation

Answer 24

occurs at respiring tissues

Question 25

oxygen association

Answer 25

in the lungs

Question 26

component of harm