3.2 Economic Change Flashcards
Suggest and explain one reason for the population change in Detroit?
General Motors sales halved from 2000-2010. Even though the company survived, they made cars from robotics, which needed less people. It buys parts from overseas, putting local supply companies out of work, leading to de-industrialisation.
What is internal migration ?
Migration within a country usually rural to urban.
Explain why people in rural Uganda would emigrate to urban Uganda (Kampala).
Due to push factors in the rural parts like for instance, droughts and flooding which can cause severe problems in future like malnutrition or dehydration. Also less services can cause them to want to move to Kampala, as it is general, a better place because it is lot more luxurious, with a wider range of opportunities, promising a better quality of life.
Prove the population of Detroit declined.
Unemployment is high (15% in 2015)- Detroit’s population fell by 25%, as people went elsewhere to find work.
What caused the population of New York to increase?
As the main focus of New York is expertise in finance, it therefore needs well-qualified people with university degrees and specialised training. It now has no chance but to “import” experts from overseas, as there aren’t enough in the USA, as well as unskilled migrants. This as a result , has increased international migration (37% of the population is foreign-born.
Describe the differences between informal and formal economies?
Informal economies are unofficial, unregulated officials, where no records are kept. People in the informal economy have no contracts or employment rights. Whereas formal economies are official ones, that meet legal standards for accounts, taxes and workers’ pay and conditions.
Describe the Clark Fisher model and its significance.
It’s a model that shows the levels of each economy sector and how each one varies in proportion in pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial times.
What are the main jobs in Kampala?
Subsistence farmers, services, very few manufacturers.
What are the main jobs in New Delhi?
Services (78%) and manufacturing (20%)
What are the main jobs in New York?
Construction, street selling, cleaning and the hotel and catering industry.
Compare the safety of Kampala,New Delhi and New York.
None have very good safety for workers like ventilation.
Why is having more people working in the informal economy than the formal economy bad for the economy?
Because people, who work in the informal economy, don’t pay or pay little tax, means less income goes towards the overall economy. Therefore if there are more people who work in the informal economy, that can result in a slow down or decline in progress of important things like the improvement of infrastructures.
Describe the characteristics of urban economies in developing countries.
In developing countries, lots of people work in the low - skilled tertiary sector jobs e.g. on market stalls, few work in the secondary sector due to not enough money to invest in the technology needed for this type of industry e.g. to build factories. A very small percentage of people work in high-skilled tertiary. In terms of working conditions, they are poor, for pay is low, hours are long and conditions can be dangerous.
Describe the four different economic sectors.
The primary sector, is the sector that involves collecting raw materials e.g. farming, fishing, mining and forestry.
The secondary sector involves turning a product into another product (manufacturing), e.g. making textiles, furniture, chemicals, steel and cars.
The tertiary sector involves providing a service- e.g. anything from financial services, nursing and retail to the police force and transport
Suggest one reason to why cities in richer and poorer countries differ.
This is partly because they have different economy structures-people work in different kinds of jobs.
