3.2 - Economic Change Flashcards
What is a push factor?
A push factor is a factor that pushes someone away from the area they are living in now and towards the city.
What factors push people away from home to the city?
Factors such as low pay, lack of opportunity and (in rural cases) lack fo crop and rain reliability and climate change affecting everything.
What factors pull people to the city away from home?
Factors such as more job openings, more opportunity, better pay and better services.
What is a pull factor?
A pull factor is a factor that pulls someone away from the area they are living in and towards the city. An example might be that there’s better pay in the city.
What is informal economy?
Informal economy is an unofficial and unregulated economy, where no records are kept. People in the informal economy have no contracts or employment rights. An example would be street selling.
What is formal economy?
Formal economy is an official economy that meets legal standards for accounts, taxes and worker’s pay and conditions. An example would be working as a teacher in a developed country.
What is a primary job? Give examples.
A primary job is a job that involves collecting or growing things. For example, jobs in agriculture or fishing.
What is a secondary job? Give examples.
A secondary job is a job that involves making things. For example, manufacturing jobs like making clothes or processing food.
What is a tertiary job? Give examples.
A tertiary job is a job that involves providing a service. For example, teaching, accounting, police or working in a shop.
What is a quaternary job? Give examples.
A quaternary job is a job that involves research/R & D, usually into medical or technical advances.
What is internal migration?
Internal migration is migration within a country, usually rural to urban.
What is rural to urban migration?
Movement from the countryside to towns/cities.
What is the Clark-Fisher model?
The Clark-Fisher model is a model that describes the changes in employment in the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary sectors as a country develops as and goes through its pre-industrial, industrial and post-industrial stages.
What does the Clark-Fisher model describe?
The Clark-Fisher model describes how, in the pre-industrial stage primary jobs are high with a few secondary and even fewer tertiary. In the industrial sector, primary jobs decline, secondary jobs have a rise and so do tertiary jobs. As a country enters the post-industrial sector, primary jobs have diminished significantly and secondary jobs are starting to diminish while tertiary jobs are high and the rise in quaternary jobs starts.
