3.2 cells Flashcards
3.2.1 3.2.1.2
name the 10 structures inside an animal cell
-nucleolus
-nuclear pore
-chromatin/DNA
-mitochondrion
-smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-rough endoplasmic reticulum
-Golgi apparatus
-free ribosomes
-centrioles
-lysosomes
-cell surface membrane
-cytoplasm
name the 3 cell structures that are found in plant cells but not animal cells
-chloroplasts
-permanent vacuole
-cell wall
what does a nucleus contain and what are the functions and the function of the whole nucleus
-nucleolus: makes ribosomes
-nuclear pore allows the copy mRNA to pass out of the nucleus
-the function of the nucleus is to control the activity of the cell by controlling transcription of DNA into a template copy of mRNA which then passes out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores and translated into protein by the ribosomes
What is the structure and function of mitochondria
-has an inner and outer membrane which is evidence for evolution
-contains short, circular DNA
-has cristae which are folded for a larger surface area
-produces ATP during aerobic respiration
What is the structure and function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-it has a tubular structure with spaces
-doesn’t contain ribosomes
-involved in lipid synthesis
what is the structure and function of rough endoplasmic reticulum
-a series of interconnected flattened sacs
-has ribosomes attached so carries out protein synthesis
What is the function of Golgi apparatus
-modifies and packages proteins (from rER and free ribosomes) and lipids (from SER)
-processed molecules bud off forming Golgi vesicles these are either used or exit the cell via exocytosis
What the difference between ribosomes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and what’s their function in both
-Eukaryotic ribosomes are larger (80s) than prokaryotic (70s)
-they are the site of protein synthesis, they translate mRNA into proteins
What is the function of centrioles
-create spindle fibres which are important for the accurate separation of chromosomes during cell division
What is the structure and function of lysosomes
-spherical sacs
-contain digestive enzymes
-digests of non self cells or worn down organelles
What do chloroplasts contain and what are their functions/structures
-grana/granum: stacked membranes
-thylakoid membrane: contains chlorophyll
-starch grain
-double membrane: evidence for evolution
-own circular short DNA not associated with histones proteins
what is the structure and function of a vacuole
-tonoplast membrane
-contains ions and water for strength and support
what is the structure and function of a cell wall and what are they made out of
-polysaccharide molecules
-stops cells from bursting
-plants: cellulose cell wall
-fungi: chitin
-bacteria: murein
Name the 9 structure which prokaryotes can contain and their functions
-cell wall made of murein (polysaccharide)
-cell-surface membrane: controls entry and exit of substances
-circular DNA: carries genes, not complexed with proteins (histones)
-food reserve granule: energy source
-ribosomes: protein synthesis
-cytoplasm
not all but some have:
-plasmids: this is a small circular piece of DNA which carries genes additional to those in the main genetic material
-capsule: stores waste, protects against drying out
Biological drawings must always:
-not use shading
-use single lines with no shading
-use lines that are continuous and connected
-have labels and annotations
-not cross lines or use arrow heads
-have a magnification or scale
