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biology > 3.1 biological molecules > Flashcards

3.1 biological molecules Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a metabolite

A

a substance that is formed or is necessary for metabolism

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2
Q

what is latent heat of vaporisation

A

the amount of energy needed to change its state from liquid to a gas

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3
Q

what is specific heat capacity

A

the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius

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4
Q

Describe how a water molecule is formed through bonding

A

There will be one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms, the hydrogen atom will share its one electron and the oxygen atom will share two electrons (one to each hydrogen). The shared electrons are pulled towards the oxygen atom, this causes this side of the water molecule to become partially negative, meaning the other side of the molecule will become partially positive

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5
Q

What does polar mean in terms of water

A

One side of the molecule is slightly positive and the other side of it is slightly negative

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6
Q

What are hydrogen bonds

A

weak bonds between slightly positively charged hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negatively charged atom in another molecule

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7
Q

What are the 5 useful properties of water

A

-its a metabolite
-its a solvent (good due to it being polar)
-can control temperature due to high specific heat of vaporisation
-its cohesive
-high specific latent heat

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8
Q

what is a monomer

A

a small basic unit which join together to form a larger molecule

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9
Q

What is a condensation reaction

A

when water is removed during a chemical reaction

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10
Q

what is a hydrolysis reaction

A

when a water molecule is used to break down the chemical bonds between monomers

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11
Q

What is a monosaccharide

A

the monomers which can join together to form a carbohydrate

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12
Q

what are the 3 main monosaccharide

A

galactose, fructose, glucose

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13
Q

What is a disaccharide

A

the molecule formed when to monosaccharides join together by a condensation reaction. A glycosidic bond is formed

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14
Q

What is a glycoside bond

A

The bond formed by a condensation reaction between two monosaccharides. A water molecule is also released

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15
Q

Draw an alpha molecule
Where is the OH group

A

OH is on the bottom
google drawing

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16
Q

Draw a beta molecule
Where is the OH group

A

OH is on the top
google drawing

17
Q

what are the 3 main disaccharides

A

maltose, sucrose, lactose

18
Q

What bonds to form a maltose molecule

A

two a-glucose molecules

19
Q

What bonds to form a sucrose molecule

A

a-glucose and fructose

20
Q

What bonds to form a lactose molecule

A

galactose and glucose

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