3.2

Question 1

what are the two theories of the function of political parties

Answer 1

The rational party model, which views them as organizations that simply try to win offices, the other is the responsible party model, where the goal of parties is to shape public policy

Question 2

what are the three ways political scientists talk about political parties

Answer 2

1)Party in Government-officials elected under a party banner

2) Party in the Electorate- every citizens that attaches themselves to a political party.
3) Party as Organization-formal apparatus of the party including headquarters, offices, and leaders.

Question 3

What was the original divide of party politics in the US

Answer 3

the first political parties in the United States split over Thomas Jefferson’s vision of America as a nation of independent farmers versus Alexander Hamilton’s hope for vibrant cities as centers of manufacturing and industry.

Question 4

what were Jefferson’s supporters called

Answer 4

Jeffersonian Republicans

Question 5

what were Hamilton’s supporters called

Answer 5

Federalist Party

ft. John Adams

Question 6

what was the corrupt bargain of 1824

Answer 6

Alleged secret deal that let the House of Representatives to select John Quincy Adams as President, who had come in second in the popular vote. In exchange for making Henry Clay his secretary of state.

led to the re-emergence of partisanship in the nation after the “era of good feelings.”

Question 7

Which party was formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson’s Democratic party

Answer 7

the Whigs, who favored internal improvements like roads and canals as well as the supremacy of Congress over the Presidency.

Question 8

Where did the Republican party come from

Answer 8

the Republican Party emerged as a party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery into the territories in 1854`

Question 9

What was the result of critical elections in the 19th and 20th centuries

Answer 9

electoral reallingment

Question 10

what is the candidate-centered era

Answer 10

post 1960 is considered the Candidate-Centered Era, where candidates became much more independent of political parties

Question 11

Why don’t third parties have any success in the US?

Answer 11

ecause the United States is a first-past-the post system, which fosters attitudinal barriers that make people believe minor party candidates cannot win. Additionally, there are often ballot access laws that make it difficult for candidates to get their names on the ballot

Question 12

what is the unit rule

Answer 12

a rule under which a delegation to a national political convention casts its entire vote as a unit as determined by a majority vote.

Question 13

how are electoral college votes calculated

Answer 13

every state gets electoral votes equal to the number of members of the House of Representatives plus two in the Electoral College, know what the Electoral College is.

Question 14

How did interest groups become an idea

Answer 14

Alexis de Tocqueville visited America (from France) in the 1830’s and remarked on Americans’ extraordinary tendency to form social organizations to solve problems and advance interests.

Question 15

define professional association

Answer 15

seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession and the public interest

Question 16

define public interest groups

Answer 16

groups pursuing goals the achievement of which ostensibly will provide benefits to the public at large, or at least to a broader population than the group’s own membership.

Question 17

define think tank

Answer 17

a body of experts providing advice and ideas on specific political or economic problems.

Question 18

what is one theory behind the growing number of interest groups

Answer 18

because society is becoming more complex and diverse and breaking into cleavages.

Question 19

what is the main idea or argument of the disturbance theory

Answer 19

argues that groups form when they are concerned about social change such as other groups or events.

Question 20

what are collective goods

Answer 20

goods used by all individuals in society such as clean air and water.

Question 21

what are some benefits organisations offer to get people to join their groups

Answer 21

• Informational Benefits-newsletters, training, conferences provided to members.
• Material Benefits-goods, services, or money provided to members.
• Solidary Benefits-friendship and networking provided to members.
• Purposive Benefits-purpose and accomplishments of the group provided to members.

Question 22

what is inside lobbying

Answer 22

inside lobbying is appealing directly to lawmakers and bureaucrats including meeting and testifying at hearings.

Question 23

what is outside lobbying

Answer 23

outside lobbying is performing activities directed at the general public to raise awareness and pressure officials.

Question 24

what was the outcome of the Citizens United v Federal Election Commission case

Answer 24

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission said the government cannot ban political spending by corporations in elections