3.2 Flashcards
what are the two theories of the function of political parties
The rational party model, which views them as organizations that simply try to win offices, the other is the responsible party model, where the goal of parties is to shape public policy
what are the three ways political scientists talk about political parties
1)Party in Government-officials elected under a party banner
2) Party in the Electorate- every citizens that attaches themselves to a political party.
3) Party as Organization-formal apparatus of the party including headquarters, offices, and leaders.
What was the original divide of party politics in the US
the first political parties in the United States split over Thomas Jefferson’s vision of America as a nation of independent farmers versus Alexander Hamilton’s hope for vibrant cities as centers of manufacturing and industry.
what were Jefferson’s supporters called
Jeffersonian Republicans
what were Hamilton’s supporters called
Federalist Party
ft. John Adams
what was the corrupt bargain of 1824
Alleged secret deal that let the House of Representatives to select John Quincy Adams as President, who had come in second in the popular vote. In exchange for making Henry Clay his secretary of state.
led to the re-emergence of partisanship in the nation after the “era of good feelings.”
Which party was formed in opposition to Andrew Jackson’s Democratic party
the Whigs, who favored internal improvements like roads and canals as well as the supremacy of Congress over the Presidency.
Where did the Republican party come from
the Republican Party emerged as a party dedicated to stopping the expansion of slavery into the territories in 1854`
What was the result of critical elections in the 19th and 20th centuries
electoral reallingment
what is the candidate-centered era
post 1960 is considered the Candidate-Centered Era, where candidates became much more independent of political parties
Why don’t third parties have any success in the US?
ecause the United States is a first-past-the post system, which fosters attitudinal barriers that make people believe minor party candidates cannot win. Additionally, there are often ballot access laws that make it difficult for candidates to get their names on the ballot
what is the unit rule
a rule under which a delegation to a national political convention casts its entire vote as a unit as determined by a majority vote.
how are electoral college votes calculated
every state gets electoral votes equal to the number of members of the House of Representatives plus two in the Electoral College, know what the Electoral College is.
How did interest groups become an idea
Alexis de Tocqueville visited America (from France) in the 1830’s and remarked on Americans’ extraordinary tendency to form social organizations to solve problems and advance interests.
define professional association
seeks to further a particular profession, the interests of individuals engaged in that profession and the public interest
define public interest groups
groups pursuing goals the achievement of which ostensibly will provide benefits to the public at large, or at least to a broader population than the group’s own membership.
define think tank
a body of experts providing advice and ideas on specific political or economic problems.
what is one theory behind the growing number of interest groups
because society is becoming more complex and diverse and breaking into cleavages.
what is the main idea or argument of the disturbance theory
argues that groups form when they are concerned about social change such as other groups or events.
what are collective goods
goods used by all individuals in society such as clean air and water.
what are some benefits organisations offer to get people to join their groups
- Informational Benefits-newsletters, training, conferences provided to members.
- Material Benefits-goods, services, or money provided to members.
- Solidary Benefits-friendship and networking provided to members.
- Purposive Benefits-purpose and accomplishments of the group provided to members.
what is inside lobbying
inside lobbying is appealing directly to lawmakers and bureaucrats including meeting and testifying at hearings.
what is outside lobbying
outside lobbying is performing activities directed at the general public to raise awareness and pressure officials.
what was the outcome of the Citizens United v Federal Election Commission case
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission said the government cannot ban political spending by corporations in elections
