3.2, 3.3

Question 1

properties of solids (5)

Answer 1

Very strong interactions between particles
Have definite shape and volume Regular, crystalline structure
Fixed arrangement of particles
Vibrational degree of freedom

Question 2

Ionic solids(5)

Answer 2

formed by a cation(a metal )(+) and an anion (nonmetal)(-)
3D shaped crystal lattice structure
formula represented by ratio between ions
high melting and boiling point
they are brittle , poor conductors as solids but good conductors when aqueous

Question 3

molecular solids(7)

Answer 3

formed by individual neutral molecules
they form lattice structures
formed by nonmetal atoms
the formula represents the actual numbers of atoms in each molecule
low melting and boiling points
weak imf
poor conductor in all states

Question 4

covalent network solids (4)

Answer 4

atoms are bonded covalently in a 3D crystal lattice
formed by carbon and metalloids
high boiling and melting point
poor conductors of electricity

Question 5

graphite (3)

Answer 5

ita an allotrope of covalent network solids
has weak IMFs
good conductors of electricity as delocalized electrons can flow easily

Question 6

metalic solids

Answer 6

Formed by metallic elements
metallic bonding where valence electrons are free to flow from atom to atom
Great conductors of heat and electricity
Malleable and ductile
Melting points vary, depending on the metal

Question 7

states of matter determined by:

Answer 7

the kinetic energy of particles
the heat of fusion/ vaporization
temperature and pressure

Question 8

what changes as the state of matter changes

Answer 8

the chemical identity stays the same but the volume and pressure change and so does the particle distance

Question 9

solid water

Answer 9

bellow 0
molecules are vibrating but not moving cuz they are tightly packed
less dense than liquid water

Question 10

liquid water

Answer 10

above melting point but bellow boiling point
molecules are moving to fast to lock together
free to move past each other
molecules at the surface may evaporate due to air pressure

Question 11

gas water

Answer 11

above 100 celsius
attraction between molecules is not sufficient enough to hold together
molecules move randomly in vibration rotation and transition

Question 12

fusion

Answer 12

heating a solid to liquid (melting)

Question 13

vaporisation

Answer 13

the amount of heat needed to heat (evaporation)