3.2 Flashcards
What is leadership?
The way one person influences the behaviour of others, involving inspiring employees, creating a vision, shaping core values and building effective teams
What is management?
Distinct from leadership, involves planning , organising and controlling resources to achieve organisational goals
What are leaders?
Individuals who set strategy, inspire and have followers
What are managers?
Individuals who implement strategy, coordinate resources and have subordinates
What is senior management?
Top level responsible for corporate objectives and led by the CEO
What is middle management?
Accountable to senior management, run business functions
What is junior management?
Supervisory role, monitors day-to-day tasks
What are leadership styles?
Determined by how leadership functions are carried out
What is an autocratic leadership?
Manager-centric, top down communication, little delegation
What is a paternalistic leadership?
Soft autocratic leadership, takes employee needs into account
What is democratic leadership?
Group centric, shared leadership functions, delegation
What is laissez-faire leadership?
Group centric, freedom for employees to decide
What is the tannenbaum and Schmidt continuum?
Illustrates range of leadership styles based on authority and freedom
What are the advantages to autocratic leadership?
Clear expectations of what needs to be done
Decisions can be made quickly
Suitable when the manager is the most skilled or knowledgeable in the team
What are the disadvantages of autocratic leadership?
No opportunity for delegation or empowerment which demotivates staff
Lack of creativity in decision making as it is retained with senior management
What are the advantages of democratic leadership?
Employees are motivated as they have a say in decision making
The manger makes the final decisions but employees can contribute, encouraging creativity and helping the business solve complex problems
What are the disadvantages of democratic leadership?
Mistakes can be made if workers are not skilled or experienced enough to participate in decision making
Some employees are less productive than they would be under an autocratic manager
What are the advantages of paternalistic leadership?
Loyal subordinates as staff feel protected and cared for with a low rate of labour turnover which will reduce recruitment costs and improve competitiveness
What are the disadvantages of paternalistic leadership?
Do not encourage their employees to use their creative and imaginative skills, do not encourage use of initiative meaning that the business does not make the most effective use of its human resources
What are the advantages of laissez-faire leadership?
What are the disadvantages of laissez-faire leadership?
Lack of direction can lead to objectives not being hit
Only works in highly professional environments where workers are self motivated
What are stakeholders?
Individuals or groups with an interest in the organisation
What are internal stakeholders?
Closely connected individuals influencing the organisation
What are external stakeholders?
Diverse groups affecting the organisations objectives
What are competitors?
Rival companies in the same industry
What are suppliers?
Entities providing goods or services to the organisation
What are the central and local governments?
Government bodies at a national and regional level
What are agencies and regulators?
Organisations overseeing and enforcing rules and regulations
What are pressure groups?
Organisations influencing public opinion and government policies
What are owners?
Individuals or groups with legal rights to the organisation
What are shareholders?
Individuals that own shares in the organisation
What are employees?
Individuals working for the organisation?
What are managers?
Individuals overseeing operations and employees
What are investors?
Individuals or entities providing financial resources
What are bankers?
Financial institutions providing banking services
What are creditors?
Entities to whom the organisation owes money
What are professional and trade organisations?
Organisations representing specific professions or industries
What is a trade union?
Organisation representing workers rights
What are primary stakeholders?
Directly affected individuals with power to influence decisions?
What are secondary stakeholders?
Directly affected individuals or organisations
What is stakeholder conflict?
Disagreements arising from differing stakeholder interests
What is stakeholder mapping?
Process of identifying and analysing stakeholders interests and influence on the business
What is management?
Management is responsible for controlling an organisation, a group, or a set of entities to achieve a particular objective
What is leadership?
Leadership is the ability of an individual to influence, motivate, and enable others to contribute to the organisation’s success
What is an autocratic leadership?
Leadership style where the leader makes all the decisions independently
What is a democratic leadership?
Leadership style where the leader encourages others to participate in decision making
What is laissez-faire leadership?
Leadership style where leaders provide direction and allow employees to make decisions
What are the characteristics of management?
Managers control and direct the workforce to follow the principles or values that have been established by the leaders
What are the characteristics of leadership?
Leaders inspire and motivate the workforce, considering long-term strategy and challenges
What are the advantages of autocratic leadership?
The leader feels in control, people know what to do and what to expect and it enables fast decisions
What are the disadvantages of autocratic leadership?
People can feel oppressed, employees are too dependant, and fear of punishment affects performance
When is autocratic leadership appropriate?
When taking highly complex decisions requiring diverse knowledge and skills, when managers are responsible for a large number of possibly unskilled subordinates, or when a rapid decision is needed
When is autocratic leadership not appropriate?
When leading a talented, self motivated and creative group of employees, or when junior managers are expected to develop a full range of managerial skills
What are the advantages of democratic leadership?
Team loyalty and commitment is developed, the leader feels supported and contributions are encouraged
What are the disadvantages of democratic leadership?
Decision making is slow, the leader may feel pressure to follow the group, and conflict and friction may be created
When is democratic leadership appropriate?
When complex decisions are made requiring a range of specialist skills possessed by the employees and their views are valued
What are the advantages of laissez-faire leadership?
More relaxed atmosphere, encourages creativity and few guidelines or directions
What are the disadvantages of laissez-faire leadership?
Can result in poor productivity and lack of motivation to work hard
When is laissez-faire leadership appropriate?
In scenarios where employees are highly skilled and self motivated
What is paternalistic leadership?
Managers give more attention to the social needs and views of their workers
What is an effective manager?
Capable of giving directions and work is focused
What is an effective leader?
Capable of inspiring and motivating
What is paternalistic management?
Manager acts as a father figure to employees
What is two-way communication?
Encourages employee feedback and involvement
What is the Tannenbaum-Schmidt continuum?
Range of leadership styles from autocratic to democratic
What is delegating responsibility?
Manager retains accountability despite team decision making
What is a consultive approach?
Manager seeks input before making final decisions
What is task-focused leadership?
Prioritises task completion over employee input
What is leadership style versatility?
The ability to adapt leadership style based on task and context
What are examples of influences on leadership style?
Tradition, workforce type, task nature and personality
Example to use for democratic
John Lewis Partnership
What are the benefits to employee motivation?
Engagement leads to higher productivity and morale
What are the benefits to communication in a business?
Essential for effective leadership and team involvement
What is an example of when autocratic leadership was criticised?
Mark Zuckerberg’s autocratic leadership
What are managers generally responsible for?
The outcomes of their team
What are decision making peramiters?
Boundaries within which teams can make decisions
What leadership style is required for more urgent tasks?
Autocratic
What leadership style is required for more creative tasks?
Laissez-faire
