3.2

Question 1

Prions

Answer 1

Non-living, submicroscopic, proteins.

Question 2

Virus

Answer 2

Non-living microscopic agents made
up of an outer protein shell, called a capsid,
and either DNA or RNA.

Question 3

Bacteria

Answer 3

Living, microscopic, unicellular,
prokaryotic organisms.

Question 4

Protists

Answer 4

Living, microscopic, single-celled,
eukaryotic, animal-like organisms.

Question 5

Fungi

Answer 5

Living, multicellular, eukaryotic
organisms. Fungi include yeasts, mildews,
molds, and mushrooms. Both microscopic
and macroscopic varieties exist.

Question 6

Helminths

Answer 6

Living, multicellular, eukaryotic
worms. Both microscopic and macroscopic
varieties exist.

Question 7

Pathogens

Answer 7

A disease-causing organism.

Question 8

Epidermis

Answer 8

The top layer of the skin that provides a barrier, makes new skin, and provides skin color.

Question 9

Dermis

Answer 9

The middle layer of skin that contains collagen and elastin, grows
hair, makes oil and sweat, and contains blood vessels and nerve
endings.

Question 10

Subcutaneous fatty
tissue

Answer 10

The bottom layer of the skin consisting of fat that cushions muscles
and bones and helps to regulate body temperature.

Question 11

Sepsis

Answer 11

The body’s immune system overreacts to an infection causing inflammation.

Question 12

Inflammation

Answer 12

A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes
reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, especially as a reaction to
injury or infection.

Question 13

Lymph nodes

Answer 13

Any of the rounded masses of lymphoid tissue that are surrounded by a capsule of connective tissue, are distributed along the lymphatic vessels, and contain numerous lymphocytes which filter the flow of lymph passing through the node.

Question 14

Lymph

Answer 14

A usually clear fluid that passes from intercellular spaces of body
tissue into the lymphatic vessels.

Question 15

Platelets

Answer 15

A minute, colorless, anucleate disk-like body of mammalian blood that assists in blood clotting by adhering to other platelets and
damaged epithelium.

Question 16

Red blood cells

Answer 16

Hemoglobin-rich, red blood cells that transport oxygen through a
body. Erythrocytes give the red color to vertebrate blood and do not have nuclei.

Question 17

White blood cells

Answer 17

One of the many cells in the blood that lack hemoglobin but have a
nucleus and are active in the immune response. Lymphocytes,
monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are leucocytes.

Question 18

Innate immunity

Answer 18

Non-specific immune defense mechanisms that people are born
with. These mechanisms work to keep anything outside us from
coming in.

Question 19

Acquired immunity

Answer 19

Specific immune defense mechanisms. This type of immunity is acquired over a lifetime.

Question 20

Antigen

Answer 20

Anything that stimulates an immune response.

Question 21

B-cells

Answer 21

A type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) that matures in bone
marrow and produces antibodies.

Question 22

Antibodies

Answer 22

a protein produced by the body’s immune system when it detects harmful substances, called antigens.

Question 23

Prodromal

Answer 23

Early signs or symptoms that precede the onset of a disease.

Question 24

Convalesce

Answer 24

To recover health gradually after sickness.

Question 25

B-lymphocytes

Answer 25

A type of lymphocyte (white blood cell) that matures in bone
marrow and produces antibodies.

Question 26

T-lymphocytes

Answer 26

A type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune
response by recognizing and attacking cells infected with foreign
pathogens or cancer cells.

Question 27

Vaccines

Answer 27

A substance used to stimulate an immune response with the goal of
creating antibodies and providing immunity to specific infections.

Question 28

Direct contact

Answer 28

Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible host touches an

infected individual or is exposed to their body fluids.

Question 29

Indirect contac

Answer 29

Disease transmission that occurs when a susceptible host inhales
infected particles, touches an infected object (such as a doorknob or
money), or is bitten by an infected insect.