3.2 Flashcards
What are the four stages of the cell cycle, in order?
G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase and mitosis
What happens during G1 phase, including the checkpoint?
The cell grows and organelles are copied.
Checked for mutations.
What happens during S phase?
DNA replication
What happens during G2 phase, including the checkpoint?
The cell grows further and proteins are produced.
Checked if the DNA has been replicated correctly.
What happens during mitosis, including the checkpoint?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase.
Checks the chromosomes are lined up correctly.
What are G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase called?
Interphase
What are the four phases of mitosis?
Prophase, anaphase, metaphase and telophase.
What four things happen during prophase?
Chromosomes become visible.
Spindle fibres develop.
Spindle fibres attach to the centromere.
Nuclear membrane disappears.
What two things happen during metaphase?
Spindle fibres move chromosomes to line up along the equator of the cell.
Spindle fibres are attached to the centromere.
What three things happens during anaphase?
Spindle fibres contract.
Centromere splits/breaks.
Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
What three things happen during telophase?
Spindle fibres disappear.
Nuclear membrane reforms around chromosomes.
Chromosomes become less visible (chromatin)
What is the definition of mitosis?
Cell division for growth of new cells and repair of damaged cells
why is mitosis so important?
to ensure genetic consistency, growth and repair and asexuel reproduction
how many cells can totipotent stem cells differentiate into?
any
how many cells can pluripotent stem cells differentiate into?
a vast number
how many cells can multipotent stem cells differentiate into?
a reduced/limited number
how many cells can unipotent stem cells differentiate into?
only the same cell
what is an example of pluripotent stem cells?
embryonic stem cells
what is an example of multipotent stem cells?
adult/somatic stem cells
what are induced pluripotent stem cells?
somatic cells that are reprogrammed to be pluripotent
