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Bio Topic 3 - Voice of the genome > 3.1 > Flashcards

3.1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the purpose of a slim capsule on a prokaryotic cell?

A

protection and prevents dehydration

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2
Q

what is the purpose of pili on prokaryotic cells?

A

adhesion

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3
Q

what is the structure of the cell wall?

A

secreted by the protoplast and has primary and secondary structures

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4
Q

why is the function of the cell wall?

A

has high tensile strength, freely permeable to water, support and protein synthesis

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5
Q

what is the structure of the plasma membrane?

A

boundary of cell and cell organelles

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6
Q

what is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

enclosed cellular contents and regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell

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7
Q

what is the structure of the nucleus?

A

large structure surrounded by a double membrane, contains nucleus and chromosomes

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8
Q

what is the function of the nucleus?

A

information in the DNA is transcribed in RNA synthesis and specifies cellular proteins

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9
Q

what is the structure of the chloroplasts?

A

contain chlorophyll and cartenoid pigments

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10
Q

what is the function of chloroplasts?

A

carry out photosynthesis

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11
Q

what is the structure of mitochondria?

A

sac surrounded by an envelope, inner membrane has cristae, contains a matrix, has a few ribosomes and a circular piece of DNA

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12
Q

what is the function of mitochondria?

A

site of most of the reactions of cellular respiration

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13
Q

what is the structure of lysosomes?

A

membranous sacs

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14
Q

what is the function of lysosomes?

A

a type of golgi vesicle that releases lysozymes

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15
Q

what is the structure of ribosomes?

A

very small organelle, consists of a large and small subunit and made of protein and RNA

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16
Q

what is the function of ribosomes?

A

protein synthesis

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17
Q

what is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)?

A

network of internal membranes extending through cytoplasm, can have ribosomes attached (rough) or not (smooth)

18
Q

what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

synthesis of lipids

19
Q

what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

synthesis of proteins and packaging into vesicles

20
Q

what is the structure of the golgi apparatus?

A

stacks of flattened membrane sacs

21
Q

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

modifies proteins, packages secreted proteins and sorts other proteins

22
Q

what is the structure of the microvilli?

A

form a fringe across the surface of the cell called a brush border

23
Q

what is the function of the microvilli?

A

increase the cell surface area by up to 25x

24
Q

what is the structure of the vesicles?

A

small spherical organelle, bonded by a single membrane and can have ribosomes attached

25
Q

what is the function of a vesicle?

A

store and transport substances around the cell

26
Q

what is the structure of the centrioles?

A

hollow cylinders formed of microtubules

27
Q

what is the function for the centrioles?

A

form the spindle fibres in cell division

28
Q

what is the structure of microtubules?

A

polymers of proteins forming a hollow tube

29
Q

what is the function of microtubules?

A

make up the centrioles

30
Q

what is the structure of the nuclear membrane?

A

the membrane that surrounds the nucleus

31
Q

what is the function of the nuclear membrane?

A

acts as a barrier between the nucleus and the rest of the cell

32
Q

what is the structure of a nuclear pore?

A

gaps in the nuclear membrane

33
Q

what is the function of a nuclear pore?

A

controls what can enter and leave the nucleus

34
Q

what is the structure of the nucleolus?

A

a small structure found within the nucleus

35
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus?

A

location of ribosomes synthesis

36
Q

what is the acrosome?

A

a type of lysosome found in the head of sperm cells

37
Q

from inside to outside of the egg cell, name the three layers

A

cell surface membrane, zona pellucida and follicle cells

38
Q

what creates genetic variation in meiosis?

A

independent assortment and crossing over

39
Q

what is gene linkage?

A

when genes that are close to each other on the same chromosome are inherited together

40
Q

what is the chiasma?

A

the point where the chromatids break during crossing over

Bio Topic 3 - Voice of the genome (4 decks)

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