3.1 Flashcards
what is the purpose of a slim capsule on a prokaryotic cell?
protection and prevents dehydration
what is the purpose of pili on prokaryotic cells?
adhesion
what is the structure of the cell wall?
secreted by the protoplast and has primary and secondary structures
why is the function of the cell wall?
has high tensile strength, freely permeable to water, support and protein synthesis
what is the structure of the plasma membrane?
boundary of cell and cell organelles
what is the function of the plasma membrane?
enclosed cellular contents and regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell
what is the structure of the nucleus?
large structure surrounded by a double membrane, contains nucleus and chromosomes
what is the function of the nucleus?
information in the DNA is transcribed in RNA synthesis and specifies cellular proteins
what is the structure of the chloroplasts?
contain chlorophyll and cartenoid pigments
what is the function of chloroplasts?
carry out photosynthesis
what is the structure of mitochondria?
sac surrounded by an envelope, inner membrane has cristae, contains a matrix, has a few ribosomes and a circular piece of DNA
what is the function of mitochondria?
site of most of the reactions of cellular respiration
what is the structure of lysosomes?
membranous sacs
what is the function of lysosomes?
a type of golgi vesicle that releases lysozymes
what is the structure of ribosomes?
very small organelle, consists of a large and small subunit and made of protein and RNA
what is the function of ribosomes?
protein synthesis
what is the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (rough and smooth)?
network of internal membranes extending through cytoplasm, can have ribosomes attached (rough) or not (smooth)
what is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesis of lipids
what is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
synthesis of proteins and packaging into vesicles
what is the structure of the golgi apparatus?
stacks of flattened membrane sacs
what is the function of the golgi apparatus?
modifies proteins, packages secreted proteins and sorts other proteins
what is the structure of the microvilli?
form a fringe across the surface of the cell called a brush border
what is the function of the microvilli?
increase the cell surface area by up to 25x
what is the structure of the vesicles?
small spherical organelle, bonded by a single membrane and can have ribosomes attached
what is the function of a vesicle?
store and transport substances around the cell
what is the structure of the centrioles?
hollow cylinders formed of microtubules
what is the function for the centrioles?
form the spindle fibres in cell division
what is the structure of microtubules?
polymers of proteins forming a hollow tube
what is the function of microtubules?
make up the centrioles
what is the structure of the nuclear membrane?
the membrane that surrounds the nucleus
what is the function of the nuclear membrane?
acts as a barrier between the nucleus and the rest of the cell
what is the structure of a nuclear pore?
gaps in the nuclear membrane
what is the function of a nuclear pore?
controls what can enter and leave the nucleus
what is the structure of the nucleolus?
a small structure found within the nucleus
what is the function of the nucleolus?
location of ribosomes synthesis
what is the acrosome?
a type of lysosome found in the head of sperm cells
from inside to outside of the egg cell, name the three layers
cell surface membrane, zona pellucida and follicle cells
what creates genetic variation in meiosis?
independent assortment and crossing over
what is gene linkage?
when genes that are close to each other on the same chromosome are inherited together
what is the chiasma?
the point where the chromatids break during crossing over
