3.2 Flashcards
archipelago
A group of islands.
basalt
Igneous rock that forms when lava from a volcanic eruption cools quickly.
convection current
Flow of molten rock inside the Earth.
crater pipe
Central tube that connects the magma chamber of a volcano with the crater.
Earth’s mantle
Layer between the Earth’s crust and the Earth’s core.
effusive eruption
Quiet volcanic eruption.
explosive eruption
Violent volcanic eruption.
granite
Igneous rock that forms when lava from a volcanic eruption cools quickly.
hotspot
Place on the Earth’s surface where a mantle plume has broken through the Earth’s crust.
igneous rock
Rock that forms when lava or magma cools
mantle plume
Magma that rises from a specific place in the Earth’s mantle.
plate
Piece of the Earth’s crust. Also called a slab.
pyroclastic flow
Hot gases that rush down the slopes of a volcano at high speed during an eruption.
stratovolcano
Type of volcano with steep slopes, consisting of layers of lava and pyroclastic material.
subduction
Movement that occurs when an oceanic plate moves under a continental plate.
caldera volcano
Volcano with an enormous crater which formed when the roof of an empty magma chamber collapsed after an eruption.
Earth’s core
The very hot centre of the Earth (inner and outer core).
hotspot
Place on the Earth’s surface where a mantle plume has broken through the Earth’s crust.
metamorphic rock
Rock that has acquired other characteristics after exposure to high pressure or high temperatures.
rock cycle
Process in which rocks are created, changed from one form to another, destroyed, and then formed again by weathering, erosion and sedimentation.
sedimentary rock
Rock formed from material that is left behind by ice, water or wind.
