32 Flashcards by Aurora H | Brainscape

Q

Name

A

Aldehydes

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Q

Name

A

Ketones

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Q

What are carbonyl (oxo) compounds

A

These molecules possess a C=O atomic group

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Q

What are ketones?

A

carbonyl group bonded to

two carbons in the carbon skeleton

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Q

What are aldehydes

A

oxo group attached to terminal carbon

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Q

Identify the compound

A

Carboxylic acid

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Q

Identify the compound

A

Esters

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Q

Identify the compound

A

Acid halides

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Q

Identify the compound

A

Amides

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Q

Identify the compound

A

Formaldehyde (methanal)

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Q

Identify the compound

A

Acetaldehyde (ethanal)

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Q

Identify the compound

A

Propionaldehyde (propanal)

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Q

Identify the compound

A

Butyraldehyde (butanal)

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Q

Identify the compound

A

Benzaldehyde

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Q

Identify the compound

A

4-methylpentanal

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Q

Identify the compound

A

2-ethylpentanal

Q

3 examples of Biologically important, naturally occurring oxo compounds

A

Q

Examples of nucleobases that are ketones

A

N-containing, heterocyclic aromatic compounds; substituted purine or pyrimidine rings

Q

Example of Oxo-enol tautomerism of the nucleobases

A

Oxo form is the most stable

Q

Physical properties of carbonyl compounds

-> Do aldehydes or ketones forms H-bonds? Why?

A

Neither aldehydes nor ketones possess the ability to form H-bonds as there are no O – H sigma bonds in the molecules.

Q

Compare the boiling points of carbonyl compounds to that of alcohols

A

boiling points for aldehydes and ketones are lower than for alcohols of similar molar mass.

Q

Compare the boiling points of carbonyl compounds to that of alkanes

A

As a result of dipole-dipole interactions, their boiling points are higher than for alkanes of similar molar mass.

Q

Describe Water solubility of carbonyl compounds

A

The carbonyl group oxygen atom is a hydrogen bond acceptor, so short-chain aldehydes and ketones are water-soluble

(Greater carbon length makes the molecule less polar and less water-soluble)

Q

Synthesis of oxo compounds by
mild oxidation (dehydrogenation) of alcohols (reactions, products)

A

Q

Chemical reactions of carbonyl compounds

A

Q

Oxidation of aldehydes

A

Q

Oxidation of kenos

A

Q

Describe Reduction to the corresponding alcohol

A

Q

Nucleophilic addition (AN) reactions: hydration under alkalic conditions

A

Q

Describe hemiacetal formation

A

Q

formation of hemi)ketals

A

Q

Describe Schiff base (imine) formation

A