3.17 Communist control and terror Flashcards
How did the Menshevik and SR opposition in the Soviet Congress destroy themselves?
Their walkout of October 1917
When did Sovnarkom ban the opposition press?
27 October + ordered the arrest of Kadet, Menshevik and SR leaders
When was the Cheka established? Under who?
December 1917 under Dzerzhinsky
Names of Cheka?
- Cheka 1917-1922
- GPU 1922 -1923
- OGPU 1923-1934
- placed under control of NKVD 1934-43
When was the Red Terror?
During the civil war, 1918-21
When was an attempt on Lenin’s life that gave Cheka ability to round up thosuands?
August 1918
How many are estimated to have been shot in the 1918-21 period?
between 500,000 and a million people
What opposition was there within the Party in 1921?
‘Workers’ Opposition’
When was Lenin’s ban on factions?
1921
How did Stalin use terror and control?
To enforce collectivisation and his Five Year Plans
What was the Shakhty show trial? When?
1928 - 53 engineers after decline in production
When were gulags created?
1929
By the time the NKVD took control of the gulags in 1934, how many people did they house?
a million people
In the 17th Party Congress, how many negative votes in the elections to the Central Committee did Stalin receive? How many were officially recorded
c150, only 3 officially recorded
What title was abolished? What did Stalin and Kirov receive?
the title of ‘General Secretary’ was abolished
they were both given the title ‘Secretary of Equal Rank’
When was Kirov murdered?
December 1934
Who was the head of the NKVD at the time of the Kirov Affair?
Yagoda
How many people were arrested in December, the month of Kirov’s murder?
6500 people
When were the Great Purges?
1936-38
When was a show trial involving Zinoviev and Kamenev?
August 1936
When was Yagoda replaced by Yezhov as NKVD chief?
Month after ZinKam show trail - Yezhov claimed as not active enough in uncovering the ‘conspiracy’
Of the … of the military High Command, how many were executed?
512/767
What was the Yezhovschina?
The purge of ordinary citizens
When was the Yezhovschina?
1937-38
