🩷 3.1.6 ATP Flashcards
What does ATP stand for ?
Adenosine triphosphate
What is ATP a derivative of ?
A nucleotide
What is ATP formed from ?
A ribose molecule, a molecule of adenine and three phosphate groups
Why is ATP a nucleotide derivative?
- In a nucleotide there is 1 phosphate group however in ATP there is 3
- In a nucleotide there can be an adenine,thymine,cytosine,guanine or uracil (RNA ONLY) base whereas in ATP there is only an adenine base
- ATP contains a pentose sugar however it is always ribose
What properties of ATP make it useful ?
It releases energy in small, manageable amounts which allows less energy to be wasted as it could be if glucose or other respiratory substances released their energies in one go.
What three processes is energy released in ?
1) phosphorylation (photosynthesis)
2) oxidative phosphorylation (the last stage of respiration)
3) substrate level phosphorylation (occurs within respiration)
How is ATP hydrolysed into ADP and Pi ?
ATP hydrolase (enzyme) catalyses the hydrolysis reaction of ATP being hydrolysed and releasing adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and and inorganic phosphate (Pi). This reaction releases energy and due to it being a hydrolysis reaction, it involves the use of a molecule of water.
What can the inorganic phosphate released during the hydrolysis of ATP be used for?
It can be used to phosphorylate other compounds, often making them more reactive
How is ATP resynthesised ?
By the condensation reaction between ADP and Pi. This is catalysed by the enzyme ATP synthase during photosynthesis, or during respiration.
What are some properties of ATP?
1) ATP is made quickly and hydrolysed quickly in a single step reaction
2) ATP can’t leave the cell
3) ATP can phosphorylate other molecules to make them more reactive
What is ATP also known as and why?
It is also known as the universal energy currency. This is due to it being used by all organisms.
Why do you living things need energy from ATP?
- Active transport
- Movement such as muscle contraction
- Metabolic processes, including synthesis of proteins, DNA and RNA and polysaccharides
