3.1.6 - ATP

Question 1

why is energy important for plants and animals

Answer 1

for active transport, DNA replication, cell division, protein synthesis

Question 2

respiration in plant/animal cells

Answer 2

plant/animal cells release energy from glucose

Question 3

can a cell get its energy directly from glucose?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

what is the energy released from glucose in respiration used for?

Answer 4

in respiration the energy released from glucose is used to make ATP

Question 5

what is ATP?

Answer 5

adenosine triphosphate

Question 6

ATP structure

Answer 6

• nucleotide base, adenine
• ribose sugar
• 3 phosphate groups

Question 7

what is ATP known as

Answer 7

nucleotide derivative (modified form of a nucleotide)

Question 8

what does ATP do once it is made?

Answer 8

diffuses to the part of the cell that needs energy

Question 9

where is the energy in ATP stored?

Answer 9

the energy in ATP is stored in high energy bonds between the phosphate groups

Question 10

what happens when energy is needed by a cell?

Answer 10

when energy is needed by a cell, ATP is broken down into ADP and P(i) - inorganic phosphate

Question 11

what is ADP

Answer 11

adenosine diphosphate

Question 12

what type of reaction breaks down ATP into ADP

Answer 12

hydrolysis reaction

Question 13

what happens in the hydrolysis reaction breaking down ATP into ADP?

Answer 13

• phosphate bond is broken
• energy is released

Question 14

what is the catalyse in the hydrolysis reaction breaking down ATP into ADP?

Answer 14

the enzyme ATP hydrolase

Question 15

What can ATP hydrolysis do?

Answer 15

ATP hydrolysis can be ‘coupled’ to other energy requiring reactions in the cell

Question 16

what is the benefit of ATP hydrolysis being ‘coupled’?

Answer 16

the energy released can be used directly to make the coupled reaction happen instead of being lost as heat

Question 17

how can the released inorganic phosphate be put to use?

Answer 17

• can be added to another compound (phosphorylation) which often makes the compound more reactive

Question 18

how can ATP be resynthesised?

Answer 18

ATP can be resynthesised in a condensation reaction between ADP and P(i)

Question 19

when is ATP resynthesised?

Answer 19

in respiration and photosynthesis

Question 20

what is the reaction resynthesising ATP catalysed by?

Answer 20

the enzyme ATP synthase