3.1.6 - ATP Flashcards
why is energy important for plants and animals
for active transport, DNA replication, cell division, protein synthesis
respiration in plant/animal cells
plant/animal cells release energy from glucose
can a cell get its energy directly from glucose?
no
what is the energy released from glucose in respiration used for?
in respiration the energy released from glucose is used to make ATP
what is ATP?
adenosine triphosphate
ATP structure
- nucleotide base, adenine
- ribose sugar
- 3 phosphate groups
what is ATP known as
nucleotide derivative (modified form of a nucleotide)
what does ATP do once it is made?
diffuses to the part of the cell that needs energy
where is the energy in ATP stored?
the energy in ATP is stored in high energy bonds between the phosphate groups
what happens when energy is needed by a cell?
when energy is needed by a cell, ATP is broken down into ADP and P(i) - inorganic phosphate
what is ADP
adenosine diphosphate
what type of reaction breaks down ATP into ADP
hydrolysis reaction
what happens in the hydrolysis reaction breaking down ATP into ADP?
- phosphate bond is broken
- energy is released
what is the catalyse in the hydrolysis reaction breaking down ATP into ADP?
the enzyme ATP hydrolase
What can ATP hydrolysis do?
ATP hydrolysis can be ‘coupled’ to other energy requiring reactions in the cell
what is the benefit of ATP hydrolysis being ‘coupled’?
the energy released can be used directly to make the coupled reaction happen instead of being lost as heat
how can the released inorganic phosphate be put to use?
- can be added to another compound (phosphorylation) which often makes the compound more reactive
how can ATP be resynthesised?
ATP can be resynthesised in a condensation reaction between ADP and P(i)
when is ATP resynthesised?
in respiration and photosynthesis
what is the reaction resynthesising ATP catalysed by?
the enzyme ATP synthase
