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a level biology - ocr biology a > 3.1.3 Transport in plants > Flashcards

3.1.3 Transport in plants Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

Look at the vascular bundle.
Which letter shows a xylem vessel?

A

D

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2
Q

Name the four different cells that make up the xylem tissue.

A
  • Vessels
  • Tracheids
  • Parenchyma
  • Screlenchyma
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3
Q

Which cell in the xylem tissue stores starch?

A

Parenchyma

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4
Q

Transpiration is described as a “natural consequence” of gas exchange.
What does this mean?

A

Gas exchange happens through the stomata.
Transpiration occurs as a natural consequence of this process.

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5
Q

What is transpiration?

A

When water evaporates from the surface of a leaf through the stomata

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6
Q

What are three benefits of transpiration?

A
  • Provides a cooling effect
  • Transpiration stream allows plant to absorb more mineral ions through the roots
  • Water in xylem increases turgor pressure, providing support to plant’s stem
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7
Q

Why do stomata close at night?

A

Limits transpiration to prevent water loss.

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8
Q

Name four factors that affect the rate of transpiration.

A
  • Temperature
  • Light intensity
  • Humidity
  • Wind speed / Movement of air
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9
Q

This graph shows how which factor affects the rate of transpiration?

A

Temperature

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10
Q

This graph shows how which factor affects the rate of transpiration?

A

Humidity

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11
Q

This graph shows how which factor affects the rate of transpiration?

A

Air movement / Wind speed

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12
Q

This graph shows how which factor affects the rate of transpiration?

A

Light intensity

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13
Q

Name the meristem cells found in vascular bundles.

A

Cambium

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14
Q

Which piece of equipment can be used to measure the rate of transpiration?

A

Potometer

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15
Q

What is used to strengthen xylem walls?

A

Lignin

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16
Q

This image shows the cross section of a stem.
What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Pith

17
Q

This image shows the cross section of a stem.
What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Phloem

18
Q

This image shows the cross section of a stem.
What is the arrow pointing to?

A

Cambium

19
Q

What is meant by the transpiration stream?

A

The continuous flow of water from the roots to the leaves.

20
Q

Water molecules are cohesive. What does this mean?

A

They form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules.

21
Q

Water molecules are adhesive. What does this mean?

A

They form hydrogen bonds with surfaces, e.g. the walls of the xylem.

22
Q

This image shows a meniscus.
Does a meniscus happen as a result of cohesion or adhesion?

A

Adhesion

23
Q

Describe how tension is created during transpiration.

A
  • Water transpires/evaporates from stomata
  • This reduces water potential across the cells in the leaf
  • Water is drawn out from the xylem
  • This creates tension (negative pressure)
24
Q

Would a cross section of a stem be described as transverse or longitudinal?

A

Transverse

25
Q

When setting up a potometer, what is vaseline used for?

A

To seal any gaps, to make sure it is air tight.

26
Q

Briefly describe how a potometer can be used to measure the rate of transpiration.

A
  • Record the starting position of the bubble
  • Leave for 5 minutes
  • Record the end position of the bubble
  • Calculate the distance travelled
  • Calculate the rate of movement per minute
27
Q

Why is a potometer not the best model for transpiration?
What is assumed?

A

This model assumes that all the water that is absorbed through the roots is lost through transpiration.
In reality, some of the water is used in photosynthesis or for turgidity.

28
Q

When using a potometer, how can you return the air bubble to the start of the capillary tube?

A

Open the tap

29
Q

List the precautions you should take when using a potometer to ensure you obtain reliable measurements.

A
  • Use vaseline to seal joints (to keep it airtight)
  • Cut shoot underwater
  • Cut shoot at a slant
  • Dry off leaves
  • Insert plant into apparatus underwater
  • Ensure no air bubbles are present
  • Shut tap
  • Note where bubble is at the start
30
Q

What are apoplasts?

A

A series of intercellular spaces which mostly run through the cell wall.

31
Q

Water moving through the apoplastic pathway is an example of which type of cell transport?

A

Diffusion

(This is NOT osmosis, as there is no movement across a partially permeable membrane.)

32
Q

The Casparian strip is made up of a waxy substance called…

A

Suberin

33
Q

Water entering the symplast is an example of which type of cell transport?

A

Osmosis

34
Q

Does most water travel more quickly through the apoplastic or symplastic pathway?

A

Apoplastic pathway, as water does not have to pass through a partially permeable membrane.

35
Q

Name pathway 2.

A

Symplastic

36
Q

Name pathway 3.

A

Apoplastic

37
Q
A

a level biology - ocr biology a (13 decks)

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