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3.1 physical chemistry > 3.1.3 bonding > Flashcards

3.1.3 bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

define ionic bonding

A

electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice

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2
Q

define covalent bonding

A

a single covalent bond contains a shared pair of electrons

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3
Q

what is a dative bond?

A

a covalent bond that contains a shared pair of electrons with both electrons supplied by one atom

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4
Q

define metallic bonding

A

attraction between delocalised electrons and positive ions arranged in a lattice

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5
Q

what are the four crystal structures?

A

ionic
metallic
macromolecular
molecular

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6
Q

can metallic substances conduct electricity and why?

A

yes they can conduct electricity.
there are delocalised electrons that are free to move

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7
Q

define molecular

A

isolated molecules containing covalent bonds

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8
Q

in terms of lone pairs and bonding pairs what is the strength of repulsion?

A

repel the least : bonding pair - bonding pair
repel the most : lone pair - lone pair

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9
Q

how do you work out the shape of a molecule?

A
  • find the group number of the central atom
  • count how many electrons are involved in bonding
  • count how many electrons are left over
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10
Q

what is the name of the shape with 2 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

linear 180°

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11
Q

what is the name of the shape with 3 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

trigonal planar 120°

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12
Q

what is the name of the shape with 3 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

trigonal planar 120°

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13
Q

what is the name of the shape with 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

bent ( v shape ) angle less than 120°

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14
Q

what is the name of the shape with 4 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

tetrahedral 109.5°

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15
Q

what is the name of the shape with 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

trigonal pyramidal 107°

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16
Q

what is the name of the shape with 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

A

bent ( v shape ) 104.5°

17
Q

what is the name of the shape with 5 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

trigonal bipyramidal 90° and 120°

18
Q

what is the name of the shape with 4 bonding pairs and 1 lone pairs?

A

see saw less than 120° less than 90°

19
Q

what is the name of the shape with 3 bonding pairs and. 2 lone pairs?

A

T- Shape
less than 120°

20
Q

what is the name of the shape with 6 bonding pairs and 0 lone pairs?

A

octahedral 90°

21
Q

what is the name of the shape with 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair?

A

square pyramid less than 90°

22
Q

what is the name of the shape with 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs?

A

square planar 90°

23
Q

define electronegativity

A

the power of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons in a covalent bond

24
Q

what are the trends in electronegativity?

A

increases across a period
decreases down a group

25
Q

explain how electronegativity increases across a period

A
  • shielding effect is constant
  • nuclear charge increases
  • atomic radius decreases
  • attraction between nucleus and shared pair of electrons increases
26
Q

what makes a bond polar?

A

when 2 atoms with different electronegativities covalently bond, one atom will attract the shared pair more strongly leading to unequal distribution of the shared pair

27
Q

what are the 3 types of intermolecular forces?

A

van der waals
permanent dipole dipole
hydrogen

28
Q

what are the factors that affect strength of van der waals?

A
  • size of molecule
  • points of contact between molecules
29
Q

how does the size of the molecule affect strength of van der waals?

A

the bigger the molecule the more electrons it contains and the greater the charge of the imbalance of the temporary dipole. This causes stronger van der waals between forces

30
Q

how do points of contact affect the strength of van der waals?

A

straight chained organic molecules can pack closer together than branched molecules leading to more points of contact and stronger van der waals forces

31
Q

what elements exhibit hydrogen bonding?

A

oxygen
nitrogen
fluorine

32
Q

what are properties that arise due to hydrogen bonding?

A

ice has a lower density than water

3.1 physical chemistry (15 decks)

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