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A Level Organic Chemistry > 3.12 Polymers > Flashcards

3.12 Polymers Flashcards

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1
Q

What is condensation?

A

Small molecule eliminated (usually H2O) to form a larger molecule

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2
Q

How many monomers are condensation polymers usually formed from?

A

Two

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3
Q

What properties do these monomers forming condensation polymers have?

A

Each has two functional groups

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4
Q

Examples of condensation polymers?

A

Polyesters

Polyamides

Polypeptides

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5
Q

What is the linkage in a polyester?

A

Slide 12

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6
Q

What molecule is eliminated in formation of a polyester?

A

H2O

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7
Q

What are the two monomers which form a polyester (generic names and structures)?

A

Diol and dicarboxylic acid or a molecule with both alcohol and a carboxylic acid functional groups

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8
Q

Draw a generic repeating unit for a polyester

A

Slide 18

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9
Q

Which monomers is terylene made from?

A

Slide 20

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10
Q

Draw a repeating unit of terylene

A

Slide 22

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11
Q

What is terylene used for?

A

As a fibre for making clothes

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12
Q

What is the linkage in a polyamide

A

Slide 26

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13
Q

Which molecule is eliminated when a polyamide is formed

A

H2O

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14
Q

What are the two monomers used to form a polyamide (generic names and structures)?

A

Diamine and dicarboxylic acid

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15
Q

Examples of polyamides

A

Nylon, Kevlar

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16
Q

Which monomer is nylon-6,6 made from

A

1,6-diaminohexane

Hexanedioic acid

17
Q

Draw the repeating unit of nylon-6,6

A

Slide 36

18
Q

If you are making Nylon in the lab, what monomers would you use and why? What molecule is eliminated?

A

Use hexane-1,6-diacyl chloride as the rate of reaction is much faster.HCl is eliminated

19
Q

What is Kevlar used for?

A

In body armour

Helmet

Oven gloves

20
Q

Which monomer is Kevlar made from?

A

Slide 42

21
Q

What is the repeating unit of Kevlar?

A

Slide 44

22
Q

Why is Kevlar so strong

A

Rigid chains and close packing of flat aromatic rings

23
Q

What are polypeptides?
What is the linkage?

A

Same linkage as polyamides. But made from just one amino acid monomer

24
Q

Draw a peptide

A

Slide 50

25
Q

Draw the repeating unit of a polypeptide

A

Slide 52

26
Q

Why are poly(alkenes) not biodegradeable?

A

Non-polar C-H and C-C bonds

27
Q

Why is it bad to burn poly(alkenes)?

A

Releases CO2, CO, C (soot) and other toxic chemicals from monomers

28
Q

Where do most poly(alkenes) end up?

A

Landfill sites

29
Q

Why can condensation polymers be broken down?

A

They have polar bonds

30
Q

How are condensation polymers broken down

A

Hydrolysis

31
Q

Why does hydrolysis not happen in normal conditions

A

Very slow rate in standard conditions

32
Q

What are the four stages needed when recycling polymers

A

Collected —> sorted —> melted —> reformed

33
Q

Advantages of recycling polymers?

A

Saves expense of crude oil and preserves a non-renewable resource

Reduces landfill

34
Q

Disadvantages of recycling polymers?

A

Energy and manpower is needed for collecting, sorting and melting the polymers, making it expensive.

Can only be done a limited number of times

35
Q

What does “draw the polymer” mean?

A

Draw with square brackets, n, and trailing bonds

36
Q

What does “draw the repeating unit” mean

A

Just draw the molecule, with trailing bonds - no brackets or n

37
Q

What is the difference between addition and condensation polymerisation?

A

Condensation makes the polymer and eliminates a small molecule ; addition polymerisation breaks C=C to form only one product

38
Q

Explain hydrogen bonding between polyamides

A

Both C=O and N-H are polar bonds, as N’s electronegativity > H’s and O’s electronegativity > C’s

Hydrogen bonding between H delta positive and O delta negative in different molecules

Uses the lone pair of electrons on the O atom

39
Q

Why do polyesters not show hydrogen bonding

A

All O-H bonds are removed during polymerisation

A Level Organic Chemistry (16 decks)

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