3.1 Introduction to organic chemistry

Question 1

Define empirical formula

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a molecule

Question 2

Define molecular formula

Answer 2

Gives the actual number of atoms of different elements in a molecule

Question 3

Define display formula

Answer 3

Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule

Question 4

Define structural formula

Answer 4

Shows arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing every bond

Question 5

Define skeletal formula

Answer 5

Drawn as lines with each vertex being a carbon atom. Carbon atoms aren’t drawn and assume all carbon atoms has all unspecified bonds as C-H

Question 6

Suffix for no double bond

Answer 6

ane

Question 7

Suffix for at least one double bond

Answer 7

ene

Question 8

Suffix for alcohol

Answer 8

ol

Question 9

Suffix for aldehyde

Answer 9

al

Question 10

Suffix for Ketone

Answer 10

one

Question 11

Suffix for carboxylic acid

Answer 11

oic acid

Question 12

Prefixes for CH3

Answer 12

Methyl

Question 13

Prefix for C2H5

Answer 13

Ethyl

Question 14

Prefix for C3H7

Answer 14

Propyl

Question 15

Prefix for C4H9

Answer 15

Butyl

Question 16

Prefix for Cl

Answer 16

Chloro

Question 17

Prefix for Br

Answer 17

Bromo

Question 18

Prefix for I

Answer 18

Iodo

Question 19

Define structural isomerism

Answer 19

When molecules have the same molecular formula but different structural formula

Question 20

What is positional isomerism?

Answer 20

Functional group is attached to the main chain at a different place

Question 21

What is functional group isomerism?

Answer 21

Same atoms but a different functional group due to a different arrangement of atoms

Question 22

What is chain isomerism?

Answer 22

Hydrocarbon chain organised differently e.g. branched chains

Question 23

Define stereoisomerism

Answer 23

When molecules have the same structural and molecular formula, but have a different arrangement of atoms in space

Question 24

What is E-Z isomerism and how are the E and Z isomers decided?

Answer 24

E-Z isomerism is caused by the limited rotation about C=C double bonds.
If the two substituents with the highest molecular mass are on the same side off the double bond it is the Z isomer
If on different sides it is the E isomer