3.1.12 Acids and Bases Flashcards
Acid definition
A proton donor
Base defintion
A proton acceptor
Strong acid definition
An acid which fully dissociates
Weak acid definition
An acid which partially dissociates
pH definition
pH = - log 10[H+]
[H+] definition
[H+] = 10^-pH
Kw definition
Kw = [H+][OH-]
When calculating the pH of a string acid use:
pH = -log 10 [H+]
When calculating the pH of a strong base use:
Rearrange Kw = [H+][OH-] to get [OH-]
then use pH = -log 10 [H+]
When calculating the pH of a weak acid use:
Ka = [H+]^2 / [HA] and rearrange to get [H+]
When calculating the pH of a buffer use:
Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA] and rearrange to get [H+]
What are the products of an acid + metal?
Salt + Hydrogen
What are the products of an acid + metal oxide?
Salt + water
What are the products of an acid + metal hydroxide?
Salt + water
What are the products of an acid + metal carbonate?
Carbon dioxide + salt + water
What are the reactants if the products are a salt + hydrogen?
Acid + metal
What are the reactants if the products are a salt + water?
Acid + metal oxide
Acid + metal hydroxide
What are the reactants if the products are a salt + carbon dioxide + water?
Acid + metal carbonate
What is the formula for hydrochloric acid and the ion it forms?
HCl
Cl-
What is the formula for sulphuric acid and the ion it forms?
H2SO4
SO4 2-
What is the formula for nitric acid and the ion it forms?
HNO3
NO3-
What is the formula for phosphoric acid and the ion it forms?
H3PO4
PO4 3-
What is the formula for ethanoic acid and the ion it forms?
CH3COOH
CH3COO-
What are the two types of acids?
Monoprotic
Diprotic
Monoprotic definition
An acid which released one H+ ion
Diprotic definition
An acid which releases 2 H+ ions
Write the equation for HCl into its ions
HCl –> H+ Cl-
Write the equation for OH- + H+
OH- + H+ –> H2O
