3.1.1.1 Fundamental Particles

Question 1

Define nucleons

Answer 1

A name for protons or neutrons as they are found in the nucleus

Question 2

Define element

Answer 2

A substance that is made up of only one type of atom

Question 3

Define electron

Answer 3

A subatomic particle which has a relative charge of -1, a negligible relative mass, and orbits the nucleus of an atom.

Question 4

Define atom

Answer 4

The basic particles that make up all of the elements

Question 5

Define mixture

Answer 5

When two or more different types of atom or compound are mixed together but not chemically combined.

Question 6

Define compound

Answer 6

Contains two or more different types of atoms that are chemically combined together

Question 7

Define neutron

Answer 7

Found in the nucleus of an atom, have a relative mass of 1 and a relative charge of 0 as they are neutral.

Question 8

Define proton

Answer 8

Found in the nucleus of the atom, has a relative mass of 1 and a relative charge of +1.

Question 8

Define molecule

Answer 8

Contains two or more atoms of the same element or two or more atoms of different elements that are chemically combined together

Question 9

Describe the structure of the atom

Answer 9

-mostly empty space
-small and dense nucleus that contains the nucleons/ protons and neutrons
-nucleus has an overall positive charge
-electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed distances in shells

Question 10

Define nuclear force

Answer 10

The force that holds together protons and neutrons (stronger than electrostatic force as it must overcome the repulsion of protons in the nucleus)

Question 11

Define electrostatic force

Answer 11

The force that holds opposite charges together- protons and electrons

Question 12

What are subatomic particles?

Answer 12

The particles that make up an atom- protons, neutrons and electrons

Question 13

What did john dalton think about the structure of the atom?

Answer 13

The atom was a solid sphere, and make up elements
-all identical and indivisible

Question 14

What did Rutherford do?

Answer 14

Nuclear model
-gold foil experiment
-fired alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil
-most pass through showing atom is mostly empty space
-some were deflected showing there is a small, positively charged nucleus.

Question 14

What did JJ Thompson do?

Answer 14

The plum pudding model
-positively charged sphere with negative electrons embedded into it
-no empty space
-no neutrons or nucleus
-mass is evenly distributed across the whole atom

Question 15

What did Niels Bohr do?

Answer 15

Placed the electrons in shells that orbited the nucleus at fixed distances

Question 16

Describe the current model of the atom

Answer 16

Electrons are within sub energy levels, and do not orbit on fixed paths but are within orbitals

Question 17

What is the atomic number?

Answer 17

The number of protons in an atom
-has the symbol z
-is also the number of electrons in an atom

Question 18

What is the mass number?

Answer 18

The total number of protons and neutrons within an atom

Question 19

What holds the whole atom together?

Answer 19

The electrostatic forces of attraction between the positive nucleus and the negative electrons orbiting it.