3.11 Amines

Question 1

Give the name of an aromatic amine

Answer 1

Phenylamine

Question 2

Give two ways that amines can be prepared

Answer 2

1. Reaction of ammonia with halogenoalkanes
2. Reduction of nitriles

Question 3

Outline two ways an amine can be prepared by the reduction of a nitrile

Answer 3

1. Using LiAlH4 in ether
2. Using hydrogen gas with a nickel catalyst

Question 4

What type of molecule are amines when they reacts?

Answer 4

Nucleophiles

Question 5

Outline the reaction of how aromatic amines can be produced by reducing the nitro compound

Answer 5

Nitrobenzene + 6[H] ~> phenylamine + 2H2O

Question 6

Give the conditions for the formation of phenylamine from nitrobenzene

Answer 6

1. Heat nitro compound in tin metal and concentrated HCl under reflux (makes salt)
2. To turn salt to aromatic amines, add NaOH

Question 7

What is the functional group of an N substituted amide?

Answer 7

R-C=O
-
N-H
-
R

Question 9

Outline and explain the increasing base strength of amines

Answer 9

Aromatic amines- benzene ring draws electrons towards itself, and nitrogen lone pair gets delocalised on the ring

Ammonia

Primary amines- alkyl groups push electrons onto attached groups, so electron density on the nitrogen atom increases, makes lone pair more available

Question 10

What is a nucleophile?

Answer 10

Electron donor

Question 11

What can using an excess of ammonia in reactions with a halogenoalkane promote the formation of?

Answer 11

Primary amines

Question 12

What can using an excess of halogenoalkane promote the formation of?

Answer 12

Promote the formation of quaternary salt