3.1 Vocab Flashcards
Apoptosis
The changes that occur within a cell as it undergoes programmed cell death, which is brought about by signals that trigger the activation of a cascade of suicide proteins in the cell destined to die.
Biopsy
The removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body.
Bone scan
A test that detects areas of increased or decreased bone metabolism; test is performed to identify abnormal processes involving the bone such as tumor, infection, or fracture.
Cancer
A malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally and systemically.
Cell cycle
An ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two.
Computed Tomography Scan (CT/CAT scan)
A sectional 3-dimensional view of the body constructed by computed tomography.
Diagnostic imaging
Technologies that doctors use to look inside your body for clues about a medical condition; includes X-rays, CT scans, nuclear medicine scans, MRI scans, and ultrasound.
DNA Microarray
A microarray of immobilized single-stranded DNA fragments of known nucleotide sequence that is used especially in the identification and sequencing of DNA samples and in the analysis of gene expression (as in a cell or tissue).
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
A noninvasive diagnostic technique that produces computerized images of internal body tissues and is based on nuclear magnetic resonance of atoms within the body induced by the application of radio waves.
Oncogene
A gene has the potential to cause a normal cell to become cancerous.
Osteosarcoma
Cancer derived from bone or containing bone tissue.
Proto-oncogene
A normal cellular gene corresponding to an oncogene; a gene with a potential to cause cancer but that requires some alteration to become an oncogene.
Radiology
A branch of medicine concerned with the use of radiant energy (as X-rays or ultrasound) in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Risk factor
Something which increases risk or susceptibility.
Tumor suppressor gene
A gene whose protein products inhibit cell division, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth (cancer).
X-ray
To examine, treat, or photograph with X-rays.
Alelle
Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a given locus
BRCA
Either of two tumor suppressor genes (BRCA1 and BRCA2) that in mutated form tend to be associated with an increased risk of certain cancers and especially breast and ovarian cancers