31. The Politics of Nature - Environmentalism

Question 1

What is the utilitarian theory of animal welfare?

Answer 1

Avoid animal suffering unless doing so would cause greater human suffering

Question 2

What thinker is associated with the utilitarian theory of animal welfare?

Answer 2

Peter Singer

Question 3

What are Kantian animal rights?

Answer 3

Whatever creature is a subject of its own life and values its own life has rights

Question 4

What thinker is associated with Kantian animal rights?

Answer 4

Tom Ryan

Question 5

What thinker is associated with speciesism?

Answer 5

Peter Singer

Question 6

What are communitarian environmental ethics?

Answer 6

Ecosystems are integrated communities to which we have an ethical duty; individual animals aren’t important so long as ecosystems are maintained

Question 7

What thinker is associated with communitarian environmental ethics?

Answer 7

Aldo Leopold

Question 8

What is biocentrism?

Answer 8

Living things have intrinsic moral value

Question 9

What thinker is associated with biocentrism?

Answer 9

Holmes Rolston

Question 10

What is anthropocentrism?

Answer 10

Human values don’t apply to the natural world

Question 11

What is dialectical biocentrism?

Answer 11

Pain and death play a role in creating goods in nature

Question 12

What is deep ecology?

Answer 12

Human existence understood as one part of the biosphere, aiming for “biospherical egalitarianism in principle,” applying ecology to human affairs

Question 13

What thinker is associated with deep ecology?

Answer 13

Arne Naess

Question 14

What is the ecology of man?

Answer 14

Reincorporation of the paleolithic hunter-gatherer lifestyle, zoomorphication of the human, agriculture as a loss of relation to the natural world

Question 15

What thinker is associated with the ecology of man?

Answer 15

Paul Shepard