3.1- roles of agencies in social control

Question 1

What are the 6 agencies in social control

Answer 1

• police
• judiciary system
• national probation service
• crown prosecution service
• prisons
• charities and pressure groups

Question 2

What is the philosophies of the police

Answer 2

• metro police was founded by sir Robert peel in 1929
• physical force is last resort
• code of ethics followed to ensure respect of public

Question 3

Funding of police

Answer 3

• council tax payers
• government
• in 2018 the budget was £12 bil, which was significant less than prev years
• decrease in funding= decrease of police officers in position

Question 4

Aims/objectives of police

Answer 4

• maintain law and order
• protect life/property
• Keep peace in community
• bring offenders justice
• prevent/investigate crime

Question 5

What legal powers can the police use to help meet their aims/objectives

Answer 5

Detain, arrest and question powers under PACE 1984

Question 6

Working practice of the police

Answer 6

• police operate across the uk
• have specialist forces (British transport police, boarder force)
• deal with all types of offences (some exceptions e.g. HM revenue and customs deal with fraud)
• duties- patrolling, detain offenders, investigate crime

Question 7

What are some specialist duties with in police

Answer 7

CID
Drug squad
Dog handler
Counter terrorism

Question 8

Types of roles of police officers

Answer 8

• unarmed- force last resort
• specialist constables- unpaid volunteers
• PCSO- target antisocial behaviour
• police crime commissioners- elected reps of people in area to liaise with police

Question 9

Whats the philosophy of the judiciary system

Answer 9

• guild to judicial conduct 2016- guide ethical/professional conduct
• e.g. judicial independence- not influenced, impartial to both sides, equality, honesty
• swear under oath to be loyal to royal family (oath of allegiance)
• uphold code of conduct (judicial oath)

Question 10

Funding of judiciary

Answer 10

Senior salaries recommend how much should be awarded (in 2018- £275k was pay for most senior judges)

Question 11

Aims/objectives of judiciary

Answer 11

• crown court- ensure fairness, explain legal issues, offer info to jury, summarise evidence, determine sentence
• appeal- rule on appeals that come from lower courts, decisions sometimes lead to new precedents

Question 12

Working practice of judiciary

Answer 12

Judge Uphold rule of law
Have security of tenure- can only be removed from prison through petition to royal family
Guaranteed salary
Organised by type (superior judge in high/supreme/appeal, inferior in crown)
Deal with all offences- not those dealt with by police

Question 13

Philosophy of national probation service

Answer 13

• operate under belief that its possible for offenders to change
• emphasise value of offenders
• equality, diversity and social justice

Question 14

Aims and objective of probation service

Answer 14

• protect public through rehab of offenders
• support/reintegrate back into society
• help them tackle barriers/cause of offending
• supervise offenders a serving community sentence
• supervise those released on license (ensure conditions met e.g. curfew, group attendance)

Question 15

Funding of probation service

Answer 15

• same funding that’s given to HM prison/probation service
• private companies contracted to offer rehab on behalf of ministry of justice

Question 16

Working practice of probation service

Answer 16

• 250k offenders can be on probation in uk at once
• services offered locally
• pre prepare pre sentence reports to aid sentencing
• manage approved premises (supervised accommodation)
• prepare/assess offenders for release
• prioritise wellbeing of offenders in prison for more than 12m

Question 17

Philosophy of CPS

Answer 17

Values that underpin CPS= honesty, openness, respect, professionalism
Demonstrate equality
Improve public confidence
Prosecute without bias

Question 18

Aims/objectives of CPS

Answer 18

CPS set up in 1986- took over prosecuting from police to eliminate bias
- advise police on investigations/decisions to prosecute
- prepare/present prosecution case
- support v and witness

Question 19

Funding of CPS

Answer 19

• half a billion a year funded from goverment
• some cases court costs are recovered from d
• some confiscated assets from investigation recovered by courts
• decrease in funding - concerns about how CPS will continue to operate (25% decrease in 2018)

Question 20

Working practice of CPS

Answer 20

• responsible for all serious cases
• operate across England and wales- 14 regional teams
• to prosecute cps follow code for crown practice:
  Evidential test- is it admissible/enough
  Public interest test- is its in public interest to persecute, look at seriousness/level of blame/impact on community
  Threshold test- if there’s reasoable grounds to suspect guilt and evidence likely to be gathered they can prosecute

Question 21

Philosophy of prisons

Answer 21

• under responsibility of HM prison/probation services- helps prisons prevent future victims (change lives of offenders and their decisions)

Question 22

Aims and objectives of prisons

Answer 22

• protect public
• rehabilitate convicted offenders
• hold prisoners in secure unit while carrying out sentence

Question 23

Funding of prisons

Answer 23

• paid for by government who use money from taxes
• in 2018 funding decreased (total budget was £3 billion (led to lower prison offenders which impacted availability of education courses
• cost of keeping prisoner in prison between 2017-2018 was £37,500 a year

Question 24

Working practice of prison

Answer 24

• house offenders not suited to community sentence
• when sentenced, placed in local prison whilst their categories by crime
• category A- high security, danger to society
• C- high risk, untrustworthy but not likely to escape
• prisoner attempts escape- placed on escape list, heavily handcuffed, visible uniform, more frequent cell movement
• expected to provide work/education opportunities
• use system of incentives- token economy

Question 25

What are charities and pressure groups

Answer 25

• voluntary organisations, independant from government
• charities- help those in need
• pressure groups- organise campaigns for change
• both- NACRO (national association for care and rehab of offenders)

Question 26

Funding of NACRO

Answer 26

• public donations
• government support
• contracts
• £50 million a year

Question 27

Working practice of NACRO

Answer 27

• work with ex offenders, young people at risk of criminality, disadvantaged communities
• national organisation across England and wales
• ran by unpaid volunteers

Question 28

Philosophy of NACRO

Answer 28

• aim to change views towards ex offenders
• offer education/outreach projects- help young people at risk of criminality, give resettlement advice (housing and employment), provide houses (in 2018 provided 2.5k people with accommodation to support leave of prison)
• campaigns to change laws/policies that affect ex offenders (ban the box campaign- remove requirement of seeing previous criminal convicts ions on all job applications)