3.1 quiz

Question 1

bone scan

Answer 1

examines skeletal abnormalities through use of radio tracers

Question 2

MRI

Answer 2

produces images of internal soft tissues through use of radio waves and magnets

Question 3

CT scan

Answer 3

produces cross sectional images of soft tissues

Question 4

x-ray

Answer 4

uses ionization radiation to produce two dimensional images of dense tissues

Question 5

risk factor

Answer 5

something which increases risk of susceptibility

Question 6

multinuclearity

Answer 6

having more than one nucleus

Question 7

nuclear blebbing

Answer 7

odd shaped nuclei in cancer cells

Question 8

contact inhibition

Answer 8

enables noncancerous cells to cease proliferation and growth when they contact each other

Question 9

replicative senescence

Answer 9

when a normal somatic cell reach irreversible stage of cell cycle arrest following multiple rounds of replication

Question 10

biopsy

Answer 10

the removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the body

Question 11

cancer

Answer 11

a malignant tumor of potentially unlimited growth that expands locally and systemically

Question 12

tumor suppressor gene

Answer 12

keeps cell division in check

Question 13

proto-oncogene

Answer 13

a gene with potential to cause cancer but requires some alteration to become an oncogene

Question 14

oncogene

Answer 14

a gene with potential to make a normal cell cancerous

Question 15

osteosarcoma

Answer 15

bone cancer

Question 16

metastasis

Answer 16

development of secondary malignant growths at a distance from primary site of cancer

Question 17

apoptosis

Answer 17

changes that happen in a cell as it undergoes programmed death, a trigger causes suicide proteins in the cell that needs to die

Question 18

dna replication

Answer 18

genes in a cell are replicated

Question 19

cell cancer characteristics

Answer 19

• large number of irregularly shaped cells clumped together
  -lose specialized cell features
  -cells vary in size and shape
  -large, variably shaped nucleus
  -disorganized arrangement of cells

Question 20

yellow microarray

Answer 20

equal gene expression

Question 21

black microarray

Answer 21

no expression in gene

Question 22

green microarray

Answer 22

decreased expression in cancerous cells

Question 23

red microarray

Answer 23

increased expression in cancerous cells

Question 24

where does dna for a microarray come from?

Answer 24

it comes from a tissue sample from the patient

Question 25

how does dna for a microarray become double stranded?

Answer 25

primers start and a pcr reaction creates the other strand of DNA

Question 26

positive correlation coefficient

Answer 26

gene expression profiles behave similarily

Question 27

negative correlation coefficient

Answer 27

gene expression profiles behave in opposite ways

Question 28

one correlation coefficient

Answer 28

gene expression profiles behave identically

Question 29

zero correlation coefficient

Answer 29

gene expression profiles behave in an unrelated manor

Question 30

what can correlation coefficient tell us

Answer 30

asses the strength of associations between data variables

Question 31

carcinoma

Answer 31

epithelial tissue

Question 32

sarcoma

Answer 32

connective and muscle tissue

Question 33

leukemia

Answer 33

blood

Question 34

lympthoma

Answer 34

lymphatic system

Question 35

how can oncogenes cause cancer

Answer 35

because they are a mutated gene and can start to grow out of control and prevent apoptosis

Question 36

how can tumor suppressor gene cause cancer

Answer 36

the lack of a tumor suppressor gene is unable to stop cells from replicating and won’t be able to stop them