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WSET Level 3 Notes > 31 - Portugal > Flashcards

31 - Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the climate of Portugal?

A

Portugal has a range of different climates. The Atlantic ocean is the single most important influence and much of the country has a maritime climate.

In many inland vineyards the climate is hot, dry and continental but temperatures can be moderated by altitude where available.

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2
Q

Why can the wines of Portugal be difficult to understand

A

Many of the same indigenous grape varieties can have different names in different regions.

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3
Q

What is a point of difference about Portuguese wines from other countries?

A

It has a wealth of indigenous grape varieties.

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4
Q

What are the 5 main DOC’s of Portugal?

A 
Vinho Verde
Duoro
Dao
Bairrada
Alentejo
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5
Q

Where is Vinho Verde and what is its climate?

A

The NW of Portugal. South of the river River Minho.

It’s nearness to the Atlantic means it has a moderate maritime climate.

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6
Q

What is the significant climatic feature of Vinho Verde and what is of particular concern to viticulturalists as a result?

A

The high annual rainfall.

Canopy management is vital, as high rainfall can lead to excessive canopy growth and encourage disease.

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7
Q

What was the traditional trellising method in Vinho Verde called?

A

Pergola

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8
Q

Why is Pergola trellising being replaced in Vinho Verde and what is it being replaced by?

A

The vineyards are being modernised.

Spur pruned VSP to allow better aeration and facilitate mechanisation.

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9
Q

What is the character of a classic white Vinho Verde wine?

A

Pale lemon
High Acid
Low Alcohol 8.5-11% (usually off-dry in style)

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10
Q

What abv can be expected in a Vinho Verde wine that mentions a grape variety, sub-region or authorised quality labelling term on the label?

A

Up to 14%

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11
Q

What grapes are used for Vinho Verde?

A

Local grapes such as

Loureiro
Arinto

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12
Q

What are the reds and roses of Vinho Verde like?

A

Reds: Deeply coloured and tannic.

Rose: Fresh and Fruity

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13
Q

What is the oldest demarcated wine region in the world?

A

Duoro

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14
Q

Where is Duoro?

A

80km east of Porto and stretching from the Marao Mountains to the Spanish border.

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15
Q

What wine styles are made in Duoro?

A

It’s dominated by port but unfortified wines have always been made.

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16
Q

What 5 principal varieties are relied upon for Port and still reds in Duoro?

A 
Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo)
Tinto Barroca
Tinto Cao
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17
Q

What is the highest quality and most well known grape in Duoro?

A

Touriga Nacional

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18
Q

Describe the structure of Touriga Nacional?

A

Low yields
Intense Colour and Flavour
High Tannin

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19
Q

Describe the red wines of Duoro?

A 
Tend to be:
Deeply coloured
Full Bodied
High levels of ripe tannin
Rich black fruit flavours
Best have subtle toasty aromas from oak maturation.
20
Q

Describe the whites of Duoro

A

Fresh varietal fruit and M-H acidity.

Particularly those from higher altitude vineyards.

21
Q

Where is Dao located?

A

In the mountainous area 80km south of Duoro

22
Q

Where are the vines planted in Dao?

A

On the gentler hills and slopes between 200-400m above sea level.

23
Q

What climatic characteristics of the vineyards in Dao make it great for high-quality grape production?

A

Cold wet winters, with warm dry summers and a significant diurnal range.

24
Q

Describe the reds of Dao

A

Often display delicate red fruit aromas, soft tannins, and high acidity.

25
Q

Describe the whites of Dao.

A

Best made from Encruzada varietal.

Range in style from light and fresh to richer, barrel fermented versions.

26
Q

What new plantings have been made by vineyard modernisation schemes in Dao, Portugal?

A

Touriga Nacional
Tinto Roriz
Jaen (mencia in Spain)
Alfrocheiro

27
Q

What kind of wine does Alfrocheiro make?

A

Deeply coloured, intense aromas of blackberry and strawberry.

28
Q

Where is Bairrada located?

A

Between Dao and the Atlantic Ocean

29
Q

What is the climate of Bairrada

A

Maritime climate with rainy winters and warm summers.

30
Q

What climatic hazard exists in Bairrada?

A

Rain around harvest time can be a problem for late ripening varieties.

31
Q

What is the dominant black variety in Bairrada?

Describe it in the vineyard and its structural character as a wine.

A

Baga

Late ripening, small, thick skinned berries.

Deeply coloured, high tannin.
If underripe, will have H-acidity and astringent tannins, but later picking makes wines that are softer with rich black fruit flavour.

Gentler crushing and maceration as well as blending have given softer wines.

32
Q

What varieties besides baga are important in Bairrada

A

Touriga Nacional
Alfrocheiro

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Syrah

33
Q

What grape varieties are white wines predominantly made from in Bairrada?

A

Bical

Maria Gomes

34
Q

Where is Alentejo and how is comprised?

A

Alentejo is located in the South East of Portugal and spread over 8 sub-regions.

35
Q

How do wines of the various sub-regions of Alentejo vary?

A

Northern area is wetter and cooler and produces wines that are more elegant.

Warmer, drier southern and central sub-regions provide richer examples.

36
Q

What grapes are in a typical red blend from Alentejo

A

Aragones (Tempranillo)

Trincadeira

37
Q

What are the characteristics of Trincadeira

A

Drought resistance, with spicy red berry flavours and H-tannin.

38
Q

What 3rd grape is often used in Alentejo red blends?

A

Alicante Bouschet

High in colour and tannin.

39
Q

What grapes are used for white wines in Alentejo.

Describe them.

A

Arinto, Antao Vaz and Roupeiro

M-H acid, some fermented/aged in oak for depth and complexity.

40
Q

What is the largest Vinho Regional in terms of production in Portugal?

A

Vinho Regional Alentejano

41
Q

Name 3 other important regions for Vinho Regional production in Portugal.

A

Lisboa (North of Lisbon)
Peninsula de Setubal (directly south of Lisbon)
Tejo (NE of Lisbon)

42
Q

What is the PDO of Portugal?

A

DOP: Denominacao de Origem Protegida

43
Q

What is the traditional term for PDO in Portugal?

A

DOC: Blah Controlada

44
Q

What is the PGI of Portugal and what more traditional term is seen on labels?

A

IGP: Indicacao Geografica Protegida

Vinho Regional

45
Q

How are table wines without GI’s labelled in Portugal?

A

Vinho

46
Q

What style of wine has Portugal had particular success with, which falls into the Vinho category.

A

Simple, fruity, off-dry rose

WSET Level 3 Notes (21 decks)

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