3.1 Perioperative Care Flashcards
Perioperative Care
- Includes preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative care
Pre-operative phase
- Begins with the decision to proceed with surgery until the patient is transferred to the operating room or bed
Intraoperative Care
- Begins after patient is transferred to the OR bed and ends with admission to PACU (post anesthesia care unit)
Postoperative Care
- Begins with admission to PACU and ends with follow up evaluation in the clinical setting or home
Surgery
- Categories are based on anatomical location, procedure to be preformed, and purpose of the surgery.
Diagnosis/Exploration Surgery
- Determines origin and cause of a disorder
- These include laparoscopy/laparotomy (opening of abdomen to investigate tumors, bleeding, obstruction and gangrene)
Curative Surgery
- Resolving the issue by repairing or removing the cause
- An example is appendectomy or removal of inflamed/infected tissue
Palliative Surgery
- Relieves symptoms but does provide a cure
- Example is debulking a tumor to provide relief of symptoms
Prevention Surgery (prophylactic)
- Removing tissue that does not yet contain cancer but may in the future
- Example is a mastectomy in high risk patients (removal of breast)
Rehabilitative or Restorative Surgery
- To improve function or decrease pain.
- To restore your body after an injury or disease
- Example includes joint replacement to improve functional ability
Reconstructive surgery
- Often a form of cosmetic surgery
- Also includes surgeries used to rebuild an area after surgery
- Example includes breast reconstructive surgery following mastectomy
Cosmetic Improvements
- Alters/Enhances personal appearance
- Example is a face lift
Surgical Classifications
- Based on how urgent the surgery is
Emergent - Requires immediate intervention
Urgent - Requires prompt attention (no more than 24 hours)
Required - Needs surgery but is not time critical
Elective - Should have the surgery but is not required
Optional - Decision is on the patient (most common is cosmetic surgery)
Emergent Surgery Examples
- Severe Bleeding
- Bladder or intestinal obstruction
- Fractured skull
- Gunshot/stab wound
- Extensive burn
- Need surgery without delay
Urgent Surgery Examples
- Acute bladder infection
- Kidney/Ureteral stones
- Needs surgery within 24-30 hours
Required Surgery Examples
- Prostatic hyperplasia without bladder obstruction
- Thyroid disorders
- Cataracts
- Plan within a few weeks to months
Elective Surgery Examples
- Repair of scars
- Simple hernia
- Vaginal repair
- Failure to have surgery is not catastrophic
Optional Surgery Examples
- Cosmetic Surgery
- Personal preference