3.1 overview of immune system

Question 1

innate

Answer 1

which is a non-specific response mechanism

Question 2

adaptive

Answer 2

which is a specific defence mechanism that responds to potentially harmful substances such as microorganisms, toxins, and proteins which are perceived foreign and therefore, dangerous

Question 3

antigen

Answer 3

Foreign substance that stimulates immune response and generates antibody production

Question 4

antibody

Answer 4

Specific protein produced in humoral response to bind with an antigen

Question 5

thymus

Answer 5

Gland located in the superior mediastinum, site of maturation of T lymphocytes

Question 6

lymph nodes

Answer 6

Contain many lymphocytes, filter body fluids, remove foreign matter, generates immune response

Question 7

autoimmune disease

Answer 7

Disorders resulting from an overactive immune system that fails to recognize ‘self’.

Question 8

B lymphocytes

Answer 8

Specialized lymphocytes produced and matured in bone marrow, are precursor to plasma and memory cells

Question 9

T lymphocytes

Answer 9

Specialized lymphocytes produced by the bone marrow and matured in thymus, which is responsible for cell-mediated immunity.

Question 10

neutrophils

Answer 10

White blood cells for phagocytosis; innate defense; active in inflammation

Question 11

basophils

Answer 11

White blood cells; bind IgE, release histamines

Question 12

eosinophil

Answer 12

White blood cells; participate in allergic responses and defense against parasites

Question 13

monocytes

Answer 13

White blood cells; migrate from the blood into tissues to become macrophages

Question 14

macrophages

Answer 14

Phagocytes; process and present antigens to lymphocytes for the immune response

Question 15

mast cells

Answer 15

Found within connective tissue, release chemical mediators such as histamines.

Question 16

plasma cells

Answer 16

Develop from B lymphocytes to produce and secrete antibodies

Question 17

cytotoxic cells

Answer 17

Destroy antigens, cancer cells, virus cells

Question 18

memory T cells

Answer 18

Remembers antigens and quickly stimulate immune response

Question 19

helper T cells

Answer 19

Activate B and T cells; control or limit specific immune response

Question 20

natural killer cellls

Answer 20

Part of innate immune system: destroys foreign cells, virus infected cells and cancer cells

Question 21

phagocytes

Answer 21

A generic term for any cell responsible for engulfing pathogens, waste material and foreign bodies.

Question 22

immunodeficiency

Answer 22

A state where the immune system is unable to fight infection

Question 22

immunity

Answer 22

The condition of being resistant to infection by a specific pathogen

Question 23

immunosuppressants

Answer 23

Agents used to reduce an immune response

Question 24

humoral immunity

Answer 24

A type of acquired immunity in which antibodies play the dominant role

Question 25

cell mediated immunity

Answer 25

A type of acquired immunity in which T cells play the dominant role