1.1 cell adaptation/agents of cell injury Flashcards
The study of the mechanisms by which disease and illness alter body function
pathophysiology
the study of cause of a disease
aetiology
The branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action
pharmacology
The study of the patterns of disease within populations
Epidemiology
Reduction in cell size
atrophy
Reduction or inadequate blood flow to an organ or tissue
Ischaemia
Tissue death (necrosis) caused by a complete deprivation of blood supply to tissue
Infarction
A state of low oxygen
hypoxia
Insufficient oxygen in the blood
Hypoxaemia
development of a disease
pathogenesis
Demonstrable changes (Signs & Symptoms & lab test results) caused by a disease
clinical manifestations
The number of new cases of a disease diagnosed within a period
incidence
The total number of cases of a disease at a particular time
prevalence
increase in cell size
hypertrophy
Increase in cell number
hyperplasia
Transition from one cell type to another
metaplasia
Maladaptive; variation in size and shape of cells in tissue
dysplasia
A form of programmed cell death
apoptosis
A form of unprogrammed cell death in living tissue
necrosis
Excessive temperatures or radiation exposure
physical agents
high pressure or tissue tearing
mechanical damage
Inorganic substances such as lead, mercury and organic compounds such as ethanol
chemical toxins
Bacteria, viruses, and parasites
microorganisms
Essential vitamin deficiencies can interfere with normal metabolic processes
nutritional deficits
Altered metabolism can lead to accumulation of toxic intermediary compounds
genetic defects
