3.1 Introduction to organic Flashcards
What is the homologous series?
A family of organic compounds with the same functional group, but different carbon chain lengths.
In reaction mechanisms, how is the movement of a lone pair shown?
With a curly arrow, that starts from the lone pair of electrons and moves towards a positively charged area of a molecule to form a new bond.
What is the IUPAC name for CH3CHCHCH(CH3)CH3?
2-Methylpent-2-ene
What functional group does a carboxylic acid have?
C=O
C-OH
What are the three sub-divisions of structural isomers?
Positional isomerism
Functional group isomerism
Chain isomerism
What does E-Z isomerism tell us?
The positions of substituents at either side of a C=C bond.
In E-Z isomerism, if the two substituents are on the same side of the bond are they Z (cis) or E (trans)?
Z (cis)
Can the Chlorine in chloroethene be rotated around the bond?
No, as rotation cannot occur round a double bond.
Why is carbon able to form rings and chains?
Can form 4 bonds
C-C bonds are strong and non-polar.
Why is the IUPAC name for CHClBrCH2CH2CH3?
1-chloro-1-bromo-butane
What is the functional group for alcohol?
C-OH
What is the difference between displayed formula and structural formula?
Displayed formula shows every bond in a molecule, structural doesn’t.
What is the structural formula of 2-methypropane?
CH3CH(CH3)CH3
What does each line on a skeletal formula represent?
A carbon - carbon bond
What is the suffix for a ketone?
-one
What is a structural isomer?
Where two molecules have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
What is a stereoisomer?
When compounds have the same structural formula but different arrangement of bonds in space?
What prevents a Z-isomer changing into an E-isomer
The double bond cannot rotate
Which functional group takes priority when naming?
Acids (then aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, alkenes and halogens in that order)
How do you represent the molecular formula of an aldehyde functional group
CHO
always the H first.
What’s the functional group isomer for alcohols?
Ethers
What’s the functional group isomer for ketones?
Aldehydes
What’s the functional group isomer for carboxylic acids?
Esters
What is the relative atomic mass of an atom?
The ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12
What does skeletal formula represent
The molecular formula and molecular geometry of an atom, represented by the carbon atoms and functional groups of the atom.
What is the difference between an amine and an amide functional group?
An amine functional group is just -NH2, where as an amide functional group is =O
-NH2
What are the prefixes for the number of carbon atoms in one atom of an element?
Prefix Number of carbons in the molecule Meth 1 Eth 2 Prop 3 But 4 Pent 5 Hex 6
What is a free radical?
An uncharged molecule that has an unpaired electron
