3.1 Introduction to organic

Question 1

What is the homologous series?

Answer 1

A family of organic compounds with the same functional group, but different carbon chain lengths.

Question 2

In reaction mechanisms, how is the movement of a lone pair shown?

Answer 2

With a curly arrow, that starts from the lone pair of electrons and moves towards a positively charged area of a molecule to form a new bond.

Question 3

What is the IUPAC name for CH3CHCHCH(CH3)CH3?

Answer 3

2-Methylpent-2-ene

Question 4

What functional group does a carboxylic acid have?

Answer 4

C=O

C-OH

Question 5

What are the three sub-divisions of structural isomers?

Answer 5

Positional isomerism
Functional group isomerism
Chain isomerism

Question 6

What does E-Z isomerism tell us?

Answer 6

The positions of substituents at either side of a C=C bond.

Question 7

In E-Z isomerism, if the two substituents are on the same side of the bond are they Z (cis) or E (trans)?

Answer 7

Z (cis)

Question 8

Can the Chlorine in chloroethene be rotated around the bond?

Answer 8

No, as rotation cannot occur round a double bond.

Question 9

Why is carbon able to form rings and chains?

Answer 9

Can form 4 bonds

C-C bonds are strong and non-polar.

Question 10

Why is the IUPAC name for CHClBrCH2CH2CH3?

Answer 10

1-chloro-1-bromo-butane

Question 11

What is the functional group for alcohol?

Answer 11

C-OH

Question 12

What is the difference between displayed formula and structural formula?

Answer 12

Displayed formula shows every bond in a molecule, structural doesn’t.

Question 13

What is the structural formula of 2-methypropane?

Answer 13

CH3CH(CH3)CH3

Question 14

What does each line on a skeletal formula represent?

Answer 14

A carbon - carbon bond

Question 15

What is the suffix for a ketone?

Answer 15

-one

Question 16

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 16

Where two molecules have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.

Question 17

What is a stereoisomer?

Answer 17

When compounds have the same structural formula but different arrangement of bonds in space?

Question 18

What prevents a Z-isomer changing into an E-isomer

Answer 18

The double bond cannot rotate

Question 19

Which functional group takes priority when naming?

Answer 19

Acids (then aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, alkenes and halogens in that order)

Question 20

How do you represent the molecular formula of an aldehyde functional group

Answer 20

CHO

always the H first.

Question 21

What’s the functional group isomer for alcohols?

Answer 21

Ethers

Question 22

What’s the functional group isomer for ketones?

Answer 22

Aldehydes

Question 23

What’s the functional group isomer for carboxylic acids?

Answer 23

Esters

Question 24

What is the relative atomic mass of an atom?

Answer 24

The ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 25

What does skeletal formula represent

Answer 25

The molecular formula and molecular geometry of an atom, represented by the carbon atoms and functional groups of the atom.

Question 26

What is the difference between an amine and an amide functional group?

Answer 26

An amine functional group is just -NH2, where as an amide functional group is =O -NH2

Question 27

What are the prefixes for the number of carbon atoms in one atom of an element?

Answer 27

``` Prefix Number of carbons in the molecule Meth 1 Eth 2 Prop 3 But 4 Pent 5 Hex 6 ```

Question 28

What is a free radical?

Answer 28

An uncharged molecule that has an unpaired electron