1.3 Bonding

Question 1

Which element is most electro positive and why?

Answer 1

Caesium.

Has a large atomic radius with comparatively low nuclear charge.

Question 2

How does electronegativity change across a period and why?

Answer 2

Electronegativity increases.
Because...
Nuclear charge increases
The number of energy levels remains the same
Atoms contract so get smaller

Question 3

Name the three main types of intermolecular force from weakest to strongest.

Answer 3

Van der Waals
Dipole-dipole
Hydrogen bonding

Question 4

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with:
3 bonding pairs
1 lone pair

Answer 4

Pyramidal

107 degrees

Question 5

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with:
3 bonding pairs
No lone pairs

Answer 5

Trigonal planar

120 degrees

Question 6

What is the shape and lone pair for a molecule with:
4 bonding pairs
2 lone pairs

Answer 6

Square planar

90 degrees

Question 7

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with:
4 bonding pairs
No lone pairs

Answer 7

Tetrahedral

109.5 degrees

Question 8

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with:
6 bonding pairs
No lone pairs

Answer 8

Octahedral

90 degrees

Question 9

What is the shape and bod angle for a molecule with:
2 bonding pairs
2 lone pairs

Answer 9

Bent

104.5 degrees

Question 10

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with:
2 bonding pairs
No lone pairs

Answer 10

Linear

180 degrees

Question 11

What is the shape and bond angle for a molecule with:
5 bonding pairs
No lone pairs

Answer 11

Trigonal bipyramid

120 degrees

Question 12

Which element is most electronegative and why?

Answer 12

Fluorine.

Has a small atomic radius with a comparatively large nuclear charge.

Question 13

What is Electronegativity?

Answer 13

Electronegativity is the relative ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond.

Question 14

What is Dative bonding?

Answer 14

A Dative covalent bond is a pair of electrons shared between two atoms, one of which provides both electrons to the bond.

Question 15

What is Polar bonding?

Answer 15

A Polar covalent bond is a pair of electrons that are shared unequally between two atoms.

Question 16

Name 4 types of crystal structure

Answer 16

• Ionic
• Metallic
• Macromolecular (giant covalent)
• Molecular

Question 17

What’s the structure, type of bonding and properties of DIAMOND.

Answer 17

Giant Molecular
Covalent
Shiny and hard
High melting point
High boiling point

Question 18

What’s unusual about graphite?

Answer 18

It conducts electricity due to having delocalised electrons

Question 19

What happens to iodine when heated and why?

Answer 19

It sublimes(goes from solid to gaseous)
Due to the fact only VdW forces are holding iodine atoms together so it's very easy to overcome these forces resulting in a low boiling point.

Question 20

Explain why does ice float?

Answer 20

Water molecules are held together by weak hydrogen bonds.
These hydrogen bonding forces a rather open structure on the ice leaving gaps in the structure. This means that when water freezes it expands which occupies more space becoming less dense that water.

Question 21

Define metallic bonding

Answer 21

Metallic bonding involves attraction between delocalised electrons and positive ions arranged in a lattice.

Question 22

Define ionic bonding

Answer 22

Ionic bonding involves electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a lattice