3.1 Infection Control and Biosafety

Question 1

Anything harmful or potentially harmful to health

Answer 1

Biohazard

Question 2

Safe handling of biologic substances that risk health

Answer 2

Biosafety

Question 3

Infectious microorganisms in blood or body fluids

Answer 3

Bloodborne Pathogen

Question 4

What does CDC stand for?

Answer 4

Center for disease control

Question 5

What does CLSI stand for?

Answer 5

Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute

Question 6

What does DOT stand for?

Answer 6

Department of Transportation

Question 7

What does NIOSH stand for?

Answer 7

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

Question 8

What does OSHA stand for?

Answer 8

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

Question 9

Describe an infection

Answer 9

When a microorganism invades the body, multiplies, and causes injury or disease

Question 10

What is included in microbes

Answer 10

Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses

Question 11

Infection acquired in a hospital

Answer 11

Nosocomial Infection

Question 12

Infection acquired anywhere but the hospital

Answer 12

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

Question 13

What’s the difference between Nosocomial and HAI infection?

Answer 13

Nosocomial is acquired in a hospital
HAI can be acquired in all other settings

Question 14

What is each step in the Chain of Infection?

Answer 14

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Exit Pathway
Means of Transmission
Entry Pathway
Susceptible Host

Question 15

Infectious agent

Answer 15

Pathogenic microbe causing infection

Question 16

Reservoir

Answer 16

Place where microbe can survive, grow, or multiply

Question 17

Exit Pathway

Answer 17

The way the infectious microbe leaves the host

Question 18

What are examples of a reservoir?

Answer 18

Humans, animals, food, water, and soil

Question 19

What are ways an agent leaves its host?

Answer 19

Mucous membranes
Tissue
Blood and skin from puncture
Excretions of feces and urine

Question 20

Means of transmission

Answer 20

Method an agent uses to travel from reservoir to host

Question 21

Entry pathway

Answer 21

The way an agent is able to enter it’s host

Question 22

What are some examples of an entry pathway?

Answer 22

Body orifices/mucous membranes

Question 23

Susceptible host

Answer 23

Someone with a decreased ability to fight infection

Question 24

Airborne Transmission

Answer 24

Less than 5 um in diameter; can be inhaled
sneezing, coughing, talking

Question 25

Most common means of transmitting infection

Answer 25

Contact Transmission

Question 26

Direct contact transmission

Answer 26

Physical transfer through close or intimate contact

Question 27

Indirect contact transmission

Answer 27

Transfer through touching objects

Question 28

Droplet Transmission

Answer 28

bigger than 5 um transfer through mucous membranes

Question 29

Vector Transmission

Answer 29

transfer of an agent carried by an insect, arthropod, or animal

Question 30

Vehicle Transmission

Answer 30

Transfer of an agent through food, water, or drugs

Question 31

What is the role of the Joint Commission?

Answer 31

they require every healthcare institution to have an infection control program Surveillance or monitoring

Question 32

What is a way programs prevent infection?

Answer 32

Screening and immunization

Question 33

Which vaccines do programs typically require?

Answer 33

Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) Tetanus Diphtheria Hepatitis B Virus

Question 34

What is Hepatitis B Virus?

Answer 34

Attacks the liver frequent infection in the lab First dose; after one month second dose; after 6 months third does

Question 35

What is the most important and effective way of preventing infection?

Answer 35

Proper hand hygiene

Question 36

What does PPE stand for and what is it's purpose?

Answer 36

Personal Protection Equipment Protects the mucous membranes, airways, and skin from infection

Question 37

How should gloves be worn?

Answer 37

Pulled over the cuffs of gowns or coats

Question 38

Why does OSHA mandate gloves during phlebotomy?

Answer 38

Prevent contamination Reduce chance of transmitting organisms

Question 39

What should be worn if entering a room with TB or airborne transmission?

Answer 39

A N95 respirator

Question 40

When an activity requires goggles...

Answer 40

It also requires a mask

Question 41

Donning and Removing PPE

Answer 41

Gown, mask/respirator,gloves Gloves, goggles/shield, gown, mask

Question 42

Describe the Standard Precaution for infection control

Answer 42

Any moist body fluid must be treated as potentially infectious and gloves must be worn

Question 43

Describe the Transmission Precaution for infection control

Answer 43

Used for those known to be infected with highly transmissible pathogens Require special precautions

Question 44

What are the three types of Transmission based precautions?

Answer 44

Airborne Droplet Contact

Question 45

What is a Parenteral exposure?

Answer 45

Exposure from any route OTHER than digestive

Question 46

What are the common biohazard exposure routes?

Answer 46

Ingestion Airborne Non-intact skin Percutaneous Permucosal

Question 47

What is a Bloodborne Pathogen (BBP)?

Answer 47

Any infectious microorganism present in blood and other body fluids/tissue

Question 48

Types of BBP

Answer 48

Cytomegalovirus(CMV) Treponema Pallidum (Syhpilis) Malaria

Question 49

Who is responsible for conducting safety inspections?

Answer 49

OSHA CAP TJC State/local health/fire department

Question 50

What does a Safety Data Sheet?

Answer 50

Defines each chemical as toxic, carcinogenic or dangerous

Question 51

What are the mandated safety plans for labs?

Answer 51

Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) Exposure Control Plan Tuberculosis Exposure Control Plan

Question 52

What are the major hazards?

Answer 52

Biological Chemical Radiation Electrical Fire

Question 53

What are the nine classes of hazardous materials?

Answer 53

Explosives Compressed gases Flammable liquids Flammable solids Oxidizer materials Toxic materials Radioactive materials Corrosive materials Misc materials not classified

Question 54

What labels go on chemical reagents?

Answer 54

Name Concentration Specific storage Date it was made Exp. date Initials