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Blood Collection Procedures > 3.1 Infection Control and Biosafety > Flashcards

3.1 Infection Control and Biosafety Flashcards

1
Q

Anything harmful or potentially harmful to health

A

Biohazard

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2
Q

Safe handling of biologic substances that risk health

A

Biosafety

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3
Q

Infectious microorganisms in blood or body fluids

A

Bloodborne Pathogen

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4
Q

What does CDC stand for?

A

Center for disease control

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5
Q

What does CLSI stand for?

A

Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute

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6
Q

What does DOT stand for?

A

Department of Transportation

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7
Q

What does NIOSH stand for?

A

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

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8
Q

What does OSHA stand for?

A

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

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9
Q

Describe an infection

A

When a microorganism invades the body, multiplies, and causes injury or disease

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10
Q

What is included in microbes

A

Bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses

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11
Q

Infection acquired in a hospital

A

Nosocomial Infection

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12
Q

Infection acquired anywhere but the hospital

A

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

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13
Q

What’s the difference between Nosocomial and HAI infection?

A

Nosocomial is acquired in a hospital
HAI can be acquired in all other settings

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14
Q

What is each step in the Chain of Infection?

A

Infectious agent
Reservoir
Exit Pathway
Means of Transmission
Entry Pathway
Susceptible Host

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15
Q

Infectious agent

A

Pathogenic microbe causing infection

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16
Q

Reservoir

A

Place where microbe can survive, grow, or multiply

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17
Q

Exit Pathway

A

The way the infectious microbe leaves the host

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18
Q

What are examples of a reservoir?

A

Humans, animals, food, water, and soil

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19
Q

What are ways an agent leaves its host?

A

Mucous membranes
Tissue
Blood and skin from puncture
Excretions of feces and urine

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20
Q

Means of transmission

A

Method an agent uses to travel from reservoir to host

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21
Q

Entry pathway

A

The way an agent is able to enter it’s host

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22
Q

What are some examples of an entry pathway?

A

Body orifices/mucous membranes

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23
Q

Susceptible host

A

Someone with a decreased ability to fight infection

24
Q

Airborne Transmission

A

Less than 5 um in diameter; can be inhaled
sneezing, coughing, talking

25
Q

Most common means of transmitting infection

A

Contact Transmission

26
Q

Direct contact transmission

A

Physical transfer through close or intimate contact

27
Q

Indirect contact transmission

A

Transfer through touching objects

28
Q

Droplet Transmission

A

bigger than 5 um
transfer through mucous membranes

29
Q

Vector Transmission

A

transfer of an agent carried by an insect, arthropod, or animal

30
Q

Vehicle Transmission

A

Transfer of an agent through food, water, or drugs

31
Q

What is the role of the Joint Commission?

A

they require every healthcare institution to have an infection control program
Surveillance or monitoring

32
Q

What is a way programs prevent infection?

A

Screening and immunization

33
Q

Which vaccines do programs typically require?

A

Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR)
Tetanus
Diphtheria
Hepatitis B Virus

34
Q

What is Hepatitis B Virus?

A

Attacks the liver
frequent infection in the lab
First dose; after one month second dose; after 6 months third does

35
Q

What is the most important and effective way of preventing infection?

A

Proper hand hygiene

36
Q

What does PPE stand for and what is it’s purpose?

A

Personal Protection Equipment
Protects the mucous membranes, airways, and skin from infection

37
Q

How should gloves be worn?

A

Pulled over the cuffs of gowns or coats

38
Q

Why does OSHA mandate gloves during phlebotomy?

A

Prevent contamination
Reduce chance of transmitting organisms

39
Q

What should be worn if entering a room with TB or airborne transmission?

A

A N95 respirator

40
Q

When an activity requires goggles…

A

It also requires a mask

41
Q

Donning and Removing PPE

A

Gown, mask/respirator,gloves

Gloves, goggles/shield, gown, mask

42
Q

Describe the Standard Precaution for infection control

A

Any moist body fluid must be treated as potentially infectious and gloves must be worn

43
Q

Describe the Transmission Precaution for infection control

A

Used for those known to be infected with highly transmissible pathogens
Require special precautions

44
Q

What are the three types of Transmission based precautions?

A

Airborne
Droplet
Contact

45
Q

What is a Parenteral exposure?

A

Exposure from any route OTHER than digestive

46
Q

What are the common biohazard exposure routes?

A

Ingestion
Airborne
Non-intact skin
Percutaneous
Permucosal

47
Q

What is a Bloodborne Pathogen (BBP)?

A

Any infectious microorganism present in blood and other body fluids/tissue

48
Q

Types of BBP

A

Cytomegalovirus(CMV)
Treponema Pallidum (Syhpilis)
Malaria

49
Q

Who is responsible for conducting safety inspections?

A

OSHA
CAP
TJC
State/local health/fire department

50
Q

What does a Safety Data Sheet?

A

Defines each chemical as toxic, carcinogenic or dangerous

51
Q

What are the mandated safety plans for labs?

A

Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP)
Exposure Control Plan
Tuberculosis Exposure Control Plan

52
Q

What are the major hazards?

A

Biological
Chemical
Radiation
Electrical
Fire

53
Q

What are the nine classes of hazardous materials?

A

Explosives
Compressed gases
Flammable liquids
Flammable solids
Oxidizer materials
Toxic materials
Radioactive materials
Corrosive materials
Misc materials not classified

54
Q

What labels go on chemical reagents?

A

Name
Concentration
Specific storage
Date it was made
Exp. date
Initials

55
Q
A

Blood Collection Procedures (4 decks)

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