3.1 Global governance Flashcards
What does global governance refer to
The way in which global affairs are managed in response to increased interdependence
Who makes the decisions in global governance
decisions made by individual governments , who then negotiate it with other countries (everyone decides)
What has global governance focused on in recent years
- Finance and Trade stability
- Human rights and conflict
- Reduction of Poverty
- Environmental sustainability
What are the 3 main types of global governance
Government agencies (linked to UN)
Non-Government agencies
Global commons
Give 4 examples of international governenment agencies
Agenda 21 (world summit)
UNFCCC (world summit)
UNDP and UNEP
What is agenda 21
voluntary, action plan agreed by governments to develop strategies for sustainable development
Give some context for agenda 21
First hosted in Rio 1992.
Is a top down approach, where money trickles down for a bottom up effect
Give an example of agenda 21’s success
Each local UK authority has their own agenda 21 responsible for our waste and recycling systems
Give an example of somewhere agenda 21 is opposed and why
USA disagree as ideology has said …
1. It attacks personal liberties
2. They are trying to control everyone
How often are new agenda 21 summits held and why
Held every 10 years to…
1. Assess if targets are being hit
2. Advance targets and corporation
3. Remind and reinvigorate about development
What is the UNFCCC
The World summit on climate change
Designed to protect the atmospheric global common from emissions
What is the UNFCC’s most famous agreement with some context
The Paris agreement was made in 2015.
After 20 years of disagreement, all 187 came to an agreement
What are the conditions/aims of the Paris agreement
- To reduce all net emissions to 0 in second half of 21st century
- To halt rising temperatures to 1.5 C
- Rich nations to pledge $100 billion a year
- Will be reassessed every 5 years
What is the UNDP
The United Nations development program , operating in over 170 countries to eradicate poverty and inequality
What is the UNDP’s most famous work
The Millennium development goals
Give some context for the millennium development goals
8 anti-poverty targets were set from 2000-2015.
Post 2015, there are now 17 targets, focusing
List a few of the original millennium development goals
- Eradicate extreme hunger
- Universal primary education
- Combat disease like HIV
- Environmental sustainability
List a few of the new millennium development goals
- Economic growth
- Infrastructure
- More specific environmental roles such as life below sea (UNEP)
Who are UNEP
Leading global environmental authority since 1972 o to provide leadership in caring for the environment
What is the role of international government agencies
To foster corporation between states
What is the role of NGO’s and their aims
To ensure justice and equality through giving a voice to the worlds poorest
1. Protect human rights
2. Provide essential services
3. Encourage bottom up approaches
What are the 4 main ways NGO’s achieve justice and equality
- Protect (give a fish)
- Prevent (teach to fish)
- Promote (give fishing gear)
- Transform (protect fishing rights)
How is global governance best achieved
Through clear communitions of both local and global issues, provided by NGO’s
What are the 2 types of NGO’s
Operational - Provide frontline services for the needy like Oxfam
Advocacy - Raise awareness to gain support like Greenpeace
Give an example of an NGO
Practical action
Give some context for the NGO Practical action
Founded in 1966 and specialise in helping people use technology to eliminate poverty
Give 3 examples of work that practical action has done
- Smoke hoods in Nepal
- Microhydro dam in Kenya
- Flood proof houses in Peru
What is a global common
Supranational areas that lie outside the political reach of any one nation
they have common shared resources
What are the 4 global commons
- The High seas
- The atmosphere
- Space
- Antarctica
What guides international law of the global commons
The Principle of common heritage - the idea that the localities belong to everyone and must be shared
What is the tragedy of the commons
A concept which explains why common resources are likely to be exploited
If individuals act on self interest, contrary to others, resources will deplete
How can we prevent the tragedy of the commons
Through international laws
Give an example of 4 common international laws
- IWC southern ocean whale sanctuary
- UNFCCC
- The moon treaty
- ATS
When was the UN made
1945
It currently has nearly every single world soverign state (193)
Established after WW2 to promote peace and owns other establishments such as the WHO
22 years later it expanded into the UNEP and in 2000 the UNDP
