3.1 emergence of globalisation of sport

Question 1

What were the conditions of pre industrial Britain

Answer 1

• harsh working conditions
• lack of hygiene
• social classes
• lack of communications
• limited transport

Question 2

What are the 4 C’s

Answer 2

Cruel
Clear class division
Countryside
Communications

Question 3

Define feudal system

Answer 3

A way of structuring society around a relationship derived from holding land in exchange for service of labour

Question 4

Define popular recreations

Answer 4

The sports and pastimes of people in pre-industrial Britain

Question 5

What were activities like in pre-industrial Britain?

Answer 5

Male dominated
Aggressive
Lots of injuries
Damage to property
Reflected a harsh society

Question 6

What are examples of popular recreations (3)

Answer 6

Mob football
Real tennis
Athletics

Question 7

Who was mob football played by ?

Answer 7

The lower class peasants

Question 8

Where was mob football played?

Answer 8

Played in villages or fields

Very localised

Question 9

When was mob football played ?

Answer 9

Played on festivals and holy days due to the lack of leisure time

Question 10

What was mob football played with?

Answer 10

Natural resources

E.g. using a pigs bladder instead of a leather football

Question 11

What was mob football like ?

Answer 11

Male dominated
Very violent
Disorganised
Reflected an unruly society

Question 12

Define patron

Answer 12

Member of the gentry who looked after the working class performers

Question 13

Who played real tennis ?

Answer 13

Was played by upper class men

Question 14

How was real tennis played ?

Answer 14

High moral code
Civilised
Respect

Question 15

When was real tennis played ?

Answer 15

Because the upper class had lots of free time, it was played often.

Question 16

What was real tennis played with ?

Answer 16

Played with good facilities and equipment

Question 17

Where did real tennis take place ?

Answer 17

Upper class had time to travel so it was non-local

Question 18

Real tennis was a ________ game with ____________ demands

Answer 18

Skilled

Technica

Question 19

Characteristics of popular recreations

Answer 19

Rules were simple/unwritten 
Betting with wagers 
Set in rural locations 
Events were local 
Events occurred annually

Question 20

Why were national governing bodies developed

Answer 20

• The need for codification, Universal laws that could be used nationally
• The need for competition like leagues and tournaments
• To maintain exclusivity and the amateur ideal, The upper classes wanted to remain separate from the working-class professionals

Question 21

How did public school boys influence the spread of sport around the world

Answer 21

• TEACHERS Develops teams and spread traditional sporting values
• INDUSTRIALISTS They set up teams for their workers and gave them time off
• CLERGY developed church teams
• ARMY OFFICERS Used for within the armed services
• NGB’s Created to codify sports establishing leagues and competitions which spread internationally
• spread sport and its moral values throughout the BRITISH EMPIRE.

Question 22

What is an amateur

Answer 22

The person who plays sport for no financial gain or the love of it

Question 23

What is a professional

Answer 23

A person who plays sport for financial gain

Question 24

What are the key features of a gentleman amateur

Answer 24

• Middle/upper class
• Wealthy
• Lots of free time
• No desire to train or improve
• High morality
• Emphasis on taking part and fair play

Question 25

What are the key features of a working class professional

Answer 25

- working class - poor - little free time due to long working hours - Committed to training and improving - low morality, win at all costs attitude adopted

Question 26

What are the key features of a modern day amateur

Answer 26

- Lower status (Than professionals) - Play for the love of the game - Are mostly unpaid - all classes can be amateurs

Question 27

What are the key features of a modern day professional

Answer 27

- all classes can be professional - have more free time to train - high rewards, due to commercialisation - celebrity status can be reached

Question 28

What factors have contributed to the rationalisation and development of sport

Answer 28

- Urbanisation - More free time - Improve transport and communication - Increased organisation through and NGB’s 

Question 29

What factors have contributed to the emergence of elite female performers

Answer 29

- Equal opportunities, More women’s teams - Increase media coverage, More role models and increased participation - Encouragement from NGB’s - more funding - more free time as traditional roles have decreased

Question 30

What are the characteristics of rational recreation

Answer 30

- Respectability And fair play - Regularly played - Strict codes and complex rules - Purpose-built facilities - Increased skills and tactics

Question 31

State the Sociocultural factors leading to the development of rational recreation

Answer 31

- The transport revolution - Increase communications - The emergence of a middle-class and national governing bodies - The influence of the church - The British Empire

Question 32

How has increased transport and communication led to the development of sport

Answer 32

TRANSPORT - more spectators travelling to watch games - fixtures and leagues can be regional and national COMMUNICATION - role models emerging in the media - increased involvement in sport - codification spread and overseen nationally by NGB’s

Question 33

How has the church influenced the development of sport

Answer 33

- creating teams - providing facilities - done to promote Christian values, high morals and increase church attendance

Question 34

How did the middle-class support the development of sport

Answer 34

- codification, developing NGB’S - increasing free time, middle class factory owners would give workers time off to play sport - increasing competition, development of leagues and competition, factory teams - philanthropists who created public provisions

Question 35

What were the wedlock Olympian games

Answer 35

- A mixture of athletics and traditional sports - Prizes offered for successful participants to encourage taking part - It was a forerunner to the modern Olympic Games

Question 36

Why was the Wenlock games set up

Answer 36

- To create an Olympian class - To promote moral physical and intellectual improvements especially in the lower class people

Question 37

What is commercialisation

Answer 37

The attempt to gain money from an activity like sport

Question 38

How does sport achieve commercialisation

Answer 38

- Through the golden triangle - This is the interaction of sport the media and business

Question 39

How does the golden triangle work

Answer 39

- Sport attracts spectators which keep up with sport through the media, This attracts businesses who will pay money for sponsorship and advertising, This increase is funding for sport which increases the quality of sport and then increases the amount of spectators interested in sport

Question 40

what are the factors affecting the emergence of elite female performers (players and officials)

Answer 40

- reaching pay equality in sports like grand slam tennis - well established high performing female role models e.g. Serena Williams, Jill Scott, Jessica Ennis-Hill - increasing media coverage of female performances - increased funding through Sport England and the lottery - increasing acceptance of female officials in both men's and women's sport - increasing acceptance of female athleticism, even in more male-dominated sports like football, cricket, rugby etc.