3.1 ATP

Question 1

What is ATP

Answer 1

A nucleotide and major energy currency of cell.
Contains ribose, adenine and 3 phosphate groups

Question 2

Why is ATP the major energy currency of the cell

Answer 2

Because its used by all organisms in all cells eg mechanical work

Question 3

What are 3 uses of ATP

Answer 3

Mechanical work
Protein synthesis
Active transport

Question 4

What are the advantages of ATP

Answer 4

Small, soluble so easily transported (30.6)
Provides immediate source of energy for biological work
Easily hydrolysed by 1 enzyme

Question 5

What is ATP synthesises by

Answer 5

Atp synethetase which occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 6

Define chemiosmosis

Answer 6

Flow of protons down an electrochemical gradient through atp synthetase which provides the potential energy necessary to synethetise ATP by phosphorylation

Question 7

What is the name given to the chemical reaction that synthesises ATP

Answer 7

Oxidative phosphorolation

Question 8

Describe how the proton gradient that causes ATP synthesis is produced

Answer 8

Electrons move through the electron transport chain, releasing energy that pumps protons (H⁺) across the membrane, creating a proton gradient. This results in a high H⁺ concentration in the intermembrane space (mitochondria) or thylakoid lumen (chloroplasts). Protons then diffuse back through ATP synthase, driving ATP production from ADP and Pi.

Question 9

What is the role of oxygen in the ETC

Answer 9

Electron acceptor and forms H2O

Question 10

Where is the ETC located.

Answer 10

inner mitochondrial membrane of mitochondria

Question 11

Describe what’s happens during the ETC

Answer 11

1. NADH and FADH2 donate electrons and protons to the ETC
2. the electrons are passed down the chain
3. energy lost from electrons used to pump protons from the matrix
4. concentration and gradients drives ATP synthesis through ATP synthase
5. oxygen accepts electrons from the chain and also accepts protons - all combine to form water

Question 12

How is ATP synthetase used in the ETC

Answer 12

The proton gradient generated allows protons to pass back into the matrix/stroma via ATP synthetase. The electrochemical gradient and subsequent flow of charge provides energy necessary for the phosphorylation from ADP to form ATP(chemiosmosis)

Question 13

When the body has no ATP what does it use for energy

Answer 13

Uses the bodies FAT store
Which produces heat as a byproduct